{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:13:00Z","timestamp":1790169180447,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["jrhs.umsha.ac.ir"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Res Health Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In 2021, Nigeria had an estimated 1.9 million people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and 1.7 million (90%) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, and Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they reported on ART retention in care among PLHIV in Nigeria. The random-effects meta-analyses were used to combine the studies that had complete retention data. The I2 statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. A sensitivity analysis was then done by conducting a leave-one-out analysis. Afterward, data were analyzed using STATA version 18. Results: The search yielded 966 unique articles, of which 52 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, and four experimental studies were split into their component arms. The total number of study participants was 563,410, and the pooled retention rate was 72% (95% CI: 67%, 76%; I2=99.9%; n=57). Sub-analysis showed that the Southeast region of Nigeria had the highest retention of 86% (95% CI: 78%, 92%), and the South-South had the lowest retention (58%; 95% CI: 38%, 79%). Conclusion: In Nigeria, the pooled ART retention rate is less than optimal to achieve the UNAIDS goal of 95%, thus developing new models for ART retention is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/jrhs.2024.153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T11:08:00Z","timestamp":1727089680000},"page":"e00618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retention in Care Among People Living with HIV in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6732-1042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John O.","family":"Olawepo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Bouv\u00e9 College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"},{"name":"Center for Translation and Implementation Research (CTAIR), University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7556-0034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Bouv\u00e9 College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Papasodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Bouv\u00e9 College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"Coombs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Instruction, Northeastern University Library, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Bouv\u00e9 College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Informatics, Khoury College of Computer Science, Bouv\u00e9 College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarushi","family":"Bhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babayemi O.","family":"Olakunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translation and Implementation Research (CTAIR), University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Population and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Echezona E.","family":"Ezeanolue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translation and Implementation Research (CTAIR), University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria"},{"name":"Healthy Sunrise Foundation, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33425\/2639-9458.1050","article-title":"Past present and future status of HIV-AIDS pandemic problem in world","volume":"3","author":"Chopra NK","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global HIV & AIDS Statistics - Fact sheet. UNAIDS; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet. Accessed September 20, 2022."},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Nigeria. UNAIDS; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/nigeria. Accessed September 20, 2022."},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. HIV Treatment: The Basics. NIH; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/hivinfo.nih.gov\/understanding-hiv\/fact-sheets\/hiv-treatment-basics. Accessed May 28, 2022."},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Evidence of HIV Treatment and Viral Suppression in Preventing the Sexual Transmission of HIV. CDC; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/risk\/art\/evidence-of-hiv-treatment.html. Accessed September 20, 2022."},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4702-z"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20180136"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1211610"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957416672010"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"HIV.gov. HIV Care Continuum. HIV.gov; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.hiv.gov\/federal-response\/policies-issues\/hiv-aids-care-continuum. Accessed February 6, 2024."},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25609"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Roscoe C, Hachey DM. Retention in HIV Care. National HIV Curriculum; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.hiv.uw.edu\/go\/basic-primary-care\/retention-care\/core-concept\/all. Accessed February 6, 2024."},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global HIV Programme. WHO. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes\/hiv\/treatment\/service-delivery-adherence-retention. Accessed February 6, 2023."},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"Olawepo J, Espinola Coombs P, Papasodoro J, O\u2019Brien K, Gupta S, Ezeanolue EA. A Systematic Review on Retention in Care Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) Who Are on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Nigeria. PROSPERO; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID\u2005=\u2005CRD42022308484. Accessed February 6, 2024."},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Espinola Coombs P. Search Strings for \u201cRetention in Care Among People Living with HIV in Nigeria: A Systematic Review\u201d. Northeastern University Library; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/repository.library.northeastern.edu\/files\/neu:0v838204v. Accessed February 6, 2024."},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"R18","unstructured":"Effective Public Health Practice Project. Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. McMaster University; 2010. Available from: https:\/\/merst.healthsci.mcmaster.ca\/ephpp\/. Accessed February 6, 2024."},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx031"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000756"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162x1303150506181945"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v9i1.52028"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1137-z"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.05.002"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238720"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0231"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0242-2"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0241-3"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/hiv.s64964"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6409134"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.06.025"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190286"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2015.22.139.4981"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003269"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.18.7.20251"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010584"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000000439"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v31i3.7"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162x13666150407143838"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09833-9"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250345"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165528"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajbr.v11i2.50715"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2021.1874444"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18343"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.177988"},{"key":"R47","first-page":"14","article-title":"Motivational groups support adherence to antiretroviral therapy and use of risk reduction behaviors in HIV positive Nigerian women: a pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Holstad MM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209477"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000159516.39982.1b"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.08.014"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu055"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162x1303150506183921"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164030"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236801"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2015.303"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/ias.15.2.17424"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051254"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0405-9"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100039"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.139344"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajcem.v22i1.9"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094393"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773211y.0000000018"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000001363"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000001756"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162x1303150506183256"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000001346"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218555"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000002694"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1064"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162x13999150317155348"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4293-8"},{"key":"R73","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Understanding Fast-Track: Accelerating Action to End the AIDS Epidemic by 2030. UNAIDS; 2015. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2015\/201506_JC2743_Understanding_FastTrack. Accessed February 6, 2024."},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000032.pub3"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1204-x"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003651"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000000553"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02508.x"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9074844"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001369"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6555774"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.08.012"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263663"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184879"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0320"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03561-w"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000259"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268226"},{"key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11547-5"},{"key":"R90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1748_20"}],"container-title":["Journal of Research in Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/jrhs.umsha.ac.ir\/PDF\/jrhs-7022.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/jrhs.umsha.ac.ir\/PDF\/jrhs-7022.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T11:08:12Z","timestamp":1727089692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jrhs.umsha.ac.ir\/Article\/jrhs-7022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/jrhs.2024.153","relation":{},"ISSN":["2228-7795","2228-7809"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2228-7795","type":"print"},{"value":"2228-7809","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2024-02-12","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}