{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:54:29Z","timestamp":1792050869367,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Maad Rayan Publishing Company","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["mejdd.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Middle East J Dig Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major contributor to peptic ulcer disease and other gastrointestinal disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of treatment on diagnostic outcomes by comparing two non-invasive methods\u2014the stool antigen test and the serological IgG antibody test, before and after therapy. This approach was designed to evaluate not only the diagnostic efficacy of these tools but also the changes in antibody responses following eradication treatment. Methods: This observational study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 at Shahid Motahari Clinic, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. A total of 108 patients with dyspepsia and confirmed H. pylori infection were enrolled. Diagnostic tests included stool antigen, anti-H. pylori IgG serology, and the urease breath test (UBT). Patients received standard triple therapy, with stool antigen and IgG levels measured before and one month after treatment to assess diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Results: Among 108 patients, 74% had peptic ulcer disease. The UBT showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (100% sensitivity, 94.6% specificity). Anti-H. pylori IgG serology had high sensitivity (100%) but lower specificity (66.2%). The stool antigen test demonstrated moderate accuracy. After treatment, stool antigen levels significantly decreased (from 4.2\u00b10.64 to 2.9\u00b10.75, P=0.03), and IgG titers declined significantly (from 54.26\u00b13.33 to 46.51\u00b13.22, P&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings underscore UBT as the most accurate method and highlight the value of stool antigen testing for follow-up. Monitoring IgG titer changes may support treatment assessment when used alongside other tools, though its low specificity limits stand-alone use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34172\/mejdd.3286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:31:16Z","timestamp":1792049476000},"page":"18-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Non-invasive Diagnostic Methods for\n                    <i>Helicobacter Pylori<\/i>\n                    Infection Before and After Treatment"],"prefix":"10.34172","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8624-5644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyedeh Azra","family":"Shamsdin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Faramarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajar","family":"Khazraei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateme","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3131-5753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Kamyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20123","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111\u201335","DOI":"10.3390\/gastroent12020011","article-title":"40 Years of Helicobacter pylori: A Revolution in Biomedical Thought","volume":"12","author":"Charitos IA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Insights"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2018.0429"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175086"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00431-8"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2020.146141"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2019_357"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2018.09.006"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar S, Metz DC, Ellenberg S, Kaplan DE, Goldberg DS. Risk Factors and Incidence of Gastric Cancer After Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Large Cohort Study. Gastroenterology 2020;158(3):527\u201336.e7. doi:10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.10.019.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.10.019"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zambon CF, Basso D, Pelloso M, Tessari A, Plebani M. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori in Humans. Human Emerging and Re\u2010emerging Infections 2015:607\u201334. doi:10.1002\/9781118644843.ch33.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118644843.ch33"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i29.3204"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12020508"},{"key":"R13","first-page":"206\u201311","article-title":"Comparison of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM as diagnostic markers of H pylori infection in children","volume":"11","author":"Darma A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"38\u201344","article-title":"The Evaluation of Diagnostic and Predictive Values of Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Test in Iranian Patients with Dyspepsia","volume":"13","author":"Safarnezhad Tameshkel F","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Pathol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32216\/hirosakiigaku.63.1_48"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa043"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/NCM.2022.140810"},{"key":"R18","first-page":"60\u20137","article-title":"Correlation between Helicobacter pylori and excessive belching and bloating","volume":"22","author":"Jafar NA-H","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of Tikrit University"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12543"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-4389.2004.00235.x"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31829f2e25"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.9"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/985249"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328363e2c7"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2016.1167599"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2014.02.001"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012080.pub2"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/940650"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50266-2"},{"key":"R30","first-page":"16\u20137","article-title":"Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":"100","author":"Mounsey A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003139"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01637-14"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-37"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2008.00616.x"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20171599"},{"key":"R36","first-page":"62","article-title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of serology test kit for detection of h pylori infection in patients presenting with nonulcer dyspepsia taking histopathology as gold standard","volume":"21","author":"Khan GA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pathology"}],"container-title":["Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/mejdd.org\/index.php\/mejdd\/article\/view\/3286\/2430","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/mejdd.org\/index.php\/mejdd\/article\/view\/3286\/2430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:31:19Z","timestamp":1792049479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/mejdd.org\/index.php\/mejdd\/article\/view\/3286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/mejdd.3286","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-5249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-5249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Iranian Association of Gastroerterology and Hepatology","name":"journal_owner","label":"Journal Owner"},{"value":"Iranian Association of Gastroerterology and Hepatology","name":"journal_publisher","label":"Journal Publisher"},{"value":"2025-07-10","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}