{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T07:23:25Z","timestamp":1704785005662},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Professionals Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439  \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0437 (\u0420\u0421) \u2013 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b,  \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u0423  3\u20135% \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0420\u0421 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u0420\u0421 \u0443  \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435  \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 95\u201398%, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 2\u20135  \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0432 15%  \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e  \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430. \u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435  \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435  \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435  \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f.  \u0414\u043b\u044f  \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f  \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430  \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e  \u0420\u0421   \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442  \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0421 (McDonald et al., 2010) \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441  \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438  (Krupp et al., 2013). \u0420\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438  \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432  (McDonald et al., 2017), \u2013 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438  \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 87,2%, \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2013 84,0%, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2013 91,9%. \u041f\u0440\u0438  \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441  \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438-MOG-\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442-\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c.  \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044e  \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430 (\u041f\u0418\u0422\u0420\u0421) \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435  \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438  \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440 \u041f\u0418\u0422\u0420\u0421 \u0443 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445, \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c 3 \u0438\u0437  \u043d\u0438\u0445: \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043d \u03b2, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434. \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0444\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442,  \u0430\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0431, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0434, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0431 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f\u0445  \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435  \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c  \u0420\u0421.<\/jats:p>\n                                                                                            <jats:p>Multiple  sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating and  neurodegenerative disease of the  central  nervous  system   demonstrating  polysymptomatic  neurological  features. In 3\u20135% of  patients with MS, the disease starts in childhood. Pediatric MS (PMS)  has distinctive features: 95%\u201398% of children manifest  relapsing-remitting MS; it generally has a higher relapserate  in the first 2\u20135 years after diagnosis; the occurrence of demyelination  is higher; 15% of patients have clinical features of acute  demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) as the first manifestation of  PMS. At the same time, patients with PMS demonstrate a slower rate of  accumulation of disability; relapse recovery is faster and more  complete. To establish the diagnosis of PMS, the criteria for MS  (McDonald et al., 2010) are applied, according to the revised consensus  definition in the pediatric population (Krupp et al., 2013). Some  researchers announced that 2017 McDonald criteria for adults are  suitable for children. Moreover, it is declared that these criteria have  the accuracy of 87.2%, sensitivity \u2013 84.0%, and specificity \u2013 91.9% in  pediatric population. It is necessary to make differential diagnosis  with ADEM, anti-MOG associated disease, neuromielitis optica spectrum  disorders. It\u2019s very important to diagnose PMS on time: it helps to  start early disease-modifying therapy to reduce disease progression and  cognitive impairment. Despite the fact that a lot of drugs are available  to use in adults, the only drugs approved for pediatric use are the  beta interferons, glatiramer acetate, and fingolimod. Dimethyl fumarate,  alemtuzumab, teriflunomide and ocrelizumab are at the different stages  of clinical trials among children. The selected pilot studies show the  efficacy of natalizumab in PMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.34883\/pi.2021.11.1.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T10:53:34Z","timestamp":1646304814000},"page":"69-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnostics and Treatment (Review)"],"prefix":"10.34883","author":[{"given":"\u0421.\u041b.","family":"\u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0410.\u0412.","family":"\u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0430","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0421.\u0410.","family":"\u041b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u042e.\u041d.","family":"\u0413\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0446","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"34055","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alroughani R., Boyko A. 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