{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:05:57Z","timestamp":1789380357673,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Korean Society of Occupational & Environmental Medicine","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003562","name":"Ministry of Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-25467811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-25467811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2026-25476099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25476099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aoemj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Occup Environ Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Bisphenol exposure remains a public health concern, particularly as the use of bisphenol analogues such as bisphenol S (BPS) has increased. In the post-pandemic period, delivery-food consumption has become routine in South Korea and may represent an important behavioral pathway for bisphenol exposure. This study examined whether delivery-food consumption in plastic containers is associated with urinary bisphenols among Korean adults.Methods: This study used adult data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 5 (2021\u20132023). Delivery-food consumption frequency (nine categories) was modeled per 1-time-per-month increase. Outcomes were urinary bisphenol A (BPA), BPS, and bisphenol F (BPF). Creatinine-adjusted concentrations were analyzed on the natural log scale using multivariable regression models. Model 1 adjusted for sociodemographic factors, and model 2 additionally adjusted for plastic-related behavioral variables.Results: Among 4,275 adults with complete bisphenol and urinary creatinine data, delivery-food consumption frequency was positively associated with creatinine-adjusted urinary BPS concentrations (1.49% increase per 1-time-per-month increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74\u20132.24; p &lt; 0.001) after sociodemographic adjustment, whereas associations with BPA (0.32% increase; 95% CI, \u22120.45 to 1.09; p = 0.416) and BPF (\u22120.14% change; 95% CI: \u22121.18 to 0.90; p = 0.787) were not statistically significant. After additional adjustment for plastic-related behavioral variables in model 2, the association remained statistically significant for BPS (1.54%; 95% CI, 0.76\u20132.33; p &lt; 0.001), whereas the associations with BPA and BPF remained non-significant.Conclusions: More frequent consumption of delivery foods packaged in plastic containers was independently associated with higher creatinine-adjusted urinary BPS concentrations. Given that common delivery container polymers in Korea are generally bisphenol-free, this association suggests that delivery-related behavior serves as a behavioral surrogate for a bundled exposure scenario. The observed BPS signal may partly reflect cumulative exposure from ancillary materials, such as thermal receipts and labels. Future studies should identify specific delivery-associated sources and migration pathways of bisphenols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.35371\/aoem.2026.38.e37","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:42:47Z","timestamp":1788853367000},"page":"e37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35371\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between delivery-food consumption frequency and urinary bisphenol concentrations among Korean adults: a nationally representative study (Korean National Environmental Health Survey cycle 5, 2021\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.35371","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8850-8249","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gwisang","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4859-9647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyeyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8619-5034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Inchul","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-3858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eunhee","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6445-6881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kihun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"20800","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.08.008"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137952"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1050"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13125"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666171009121001"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307728"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23062969"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.01.001"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.13267"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2012.09.013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/endo.26490"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.122359"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-024-00900-1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2542-5196(17)30046-3"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25136887"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408989"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.11.027"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107093"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2023.17.3.583"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981241240759"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2022.11.036"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2024.2344571"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03793-4"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c09390"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13193125"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030400011387"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13121027"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632211050531"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117187"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05387"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.194"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118182"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030701509998"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030802706725"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.536919"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9080188"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136391"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14172968"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22890-4"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal 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