{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:42:33Z","timestamp":1792183353807,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Central Research Institute for Epidemiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["virusjour.crie.ru"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Problems of Virology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are infectious pathogens causing significant economic losses in poultry industry. Molecular, pathoanatomic, and pathomorphological methods are used for laboratory diagnosis of FAdV infection. The clinical picture and postmortem lesions are not sufficient to diagnose, unlike histological analysis. Histological examination reveals basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies considered a pathognomonic sign of FAdV infection. Despite the informative value of the histological method, it has a limitation \u2013 the long duration of the procedure, which ranges from 5 to10 days, or, in some cases, several weeks.\r\nThe aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of pathohistological and pathomorphological changes in the liver cells of chicks infected with avian adenovirus type E, and to develop a cytological diagnostic method based on the preparation and staining of smear imprints to detect, under a microscope, specific inclusions in hepatocytes, which are a pathognomonic sign of avian adenovirus infections.\r\nMaterials and methods. Liver samples collected from intact and infected with field FAdV-E isolate 13-day-old SPF chicken embryos were used for preparation of histological sections and imprint smears.The imprint smears were stained with azure-eosin for 60 minutes, and conventionally Gram stained. Microscopy was performed in transmitted light at magnifications ranging from \u00d780 to \u00d71000.\r\nResults. Characteristic basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (large, blue-violet, rounded inclusion bodies) were detected in histological sections. In the Romanowsky\u2013Giemsa stained imprint smears, the inclusion bodies were also detected within the areas of hepatocyte lysis. When Gram staining was used, the basophilic staining of both lymphocyte nuclei and inclusion bodies made their identification difficult.\r\nConclusion. Microscopy of liver imprint smears stained according to Romanowsky\u2013Giemsa is promising method due to its simplicity, time efficiency, lower reagent and equipment costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36233\/0507-4088-402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:45:12Z","timestamp":1789667112000},"page":"370-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36233\/0372-9311-crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection of intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes of the poultry infected with fowl adenoviruses (&lt;i&gt;Adenoviridae: Aviadenovirus&lt;\/i&gt;)"],"prefix":"10.36233","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0467-0182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury R.","family":"Zelensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Centre for Animal Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8065-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor N.","family":"Gromov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitebsk Order of the Badge of Honor State Academy of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6832-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga A.","family":"Chupina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Centre for Animal Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8819-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail S.","family":"Volkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Centre for Animal Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9672-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia V.","family":"Moroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Centre for Animal Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22004","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai V.D., Min K., Lai H.T.L., Mo J. 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Molecular characterization of fowl aviadenoviruses species D and E associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chickens and falcons indicates possible cross-species transmission. Avian Pathol. 2018; 47(4): 384\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03079457.2018.1457769","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2018.1457769"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Alim G.A., Aly S.M., Khattab M.S., Badawy A.M., Naguib M.G., Abdelhamid T.M., et al. Adenovirus type D and type E infection in broiler chickens: the effect on CD4 and CD8 T cell response, cytokines expression and their immunopathology. Br. Poult. Sci. 2023; 64(6): 688\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00071668.2023.2248586 https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/ykziwr","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2023.2248586"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandra R., Shukla S.K., Kumar M. The hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis in domestic fowl. Trop. Anim. 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Avian Dis. 2025; 69(2): 206\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1637\/aviandiseases-d-24-00080 https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/fpxhhz","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-D-24-00080"}],"container-title":["Problems of Virology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/virusjour.crie.ru\/jour\/article\/viewFile\/16885\/1123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/virusjour.crie.ru\/jour\/article\/viewFile\/16885\/1123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:32:56Z","timestamp":1791203576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/virusjour.crie.ru\/jour\/article\/view\/16885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36233\/0507-4088-402","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-2097","0507-4088"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-2097","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0507-4088","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}