{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:17:13Z","timestamp":1780067833784,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Innovative Healthcare Institute","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Audiovestibular toxicity secondary to immunotherapy has only rarely been reported in the literature. Herein, we examine our experience diagnosing and managing audiovestibular immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients undergoing immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Four patients who experienced irAEs were included. Demographics, immunotherapy regimen, diagnostic tests, treatment, and outcomes were recorded in a retrospective chart review.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The cases of three patients with metastatic melanoma and one patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma are presented. Hearing loss and tinnitus were the most common presenting symptoms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were implicated in three cases and T-cell therapy in one case. Two of three patients (67%) treated with steroids had substantial improvements in hearing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Audiovestibular irAEs are a rare complication of immunotherapy. Suspicion for symptoms including hearing loss, tinnitus, and\/or vertigo should prompt an expedient referral to the otolaryngologist for evaluation, as symptoms may improve with corticosteroid use. Hearing and\/or vestibular deficits can have a substantial impact on the quality of life for affected patients, but rehabilitation options do exist.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.36401\/jipo-21-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T14:27:52Z","timestamp":1643898472000},"page":"2-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Audiovestibular Toxicity Secondary to Immunotherapy: Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.36401","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Gidley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Elie","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22027","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puzanov\n I,\n \n \n Diab\n A,\n \n \n Abdallah\n K,\n \n et al.\n \n Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Toxicity Management Working Group.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Immunother Cancer.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t5:\n\t\t\t\t\t95.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0300-z"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b02","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network.\n Management of immunotherapy-related toxicities. Version 3.2021. Accessed Aug 11, 2021.\n \n www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/immunotherapy.pdf"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seaman\n BJ,\n \n \n Guardiani\n EA,\n \n \n Brewer\n CC,\n \n et al.\n \n Audiovestibular dysfunction associated with adoptive cell immunotherapy for melanoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t147:\n\t\t\t\t\t744\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t749.","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812448356"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava\n A,\n \n \n Al-Zubidi\n N,\n \n \n Appelbaum\n E,\n \n et al.\n \n Immune-related oral, otologic, and ocular adverse events.\n\t\t\t\t\tAdv Exp Med Biol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t1244:\n\t\t\t\t\t295\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t307.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41008-7_17"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duinkerken\n CW,\n \n \n Rohaan\n MW,\n \n \n de Weger\n VA,\n \n et al.\n \n Sensorineural hearing loss after adoptive cell immunotherapy for melanoma using MART-1 specific T cells: a case report and its pathophysiology.\n\t\t\t\t\tOtol Neurotol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t40:\n\t\t\t\t\te674\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\te678.","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002332"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandrasekhar\n SS,\n \n \n Tsai Do\n BS,\n \n \n Schwartz\n SR,\n \n et al.\n \n Clinical practice guideline: sudden hearing loss (update).\n\t\t\t\t\tOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t161(1 suppl):\n\t\t\t\t\tS1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tS45.","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819859885"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordvik\n \u00d8,\n \n \n Laugen Heggdal\n PO,\n \n \n Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m\n J,\n \n et al.\n \n Generic quality of life in persons with hearing loss: a systematic literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Ear Nose Throat Disord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018Jan22;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12901-018-0051-6"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosner\n S,\n \n \n Agrawal\n Y,\n \n \n Sun\n DQ,\n \n et al.\n \n Immune-mediated ototoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with melanoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Immunother Cancer.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t8:\n\t\t\t\t\te001675.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001675"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b09","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zibelman\n M,\n \n \n Pollak\n N,\n \n \n Olszanski\n AJ.\n \n \n Autoimmune inner ear disease in a melanoma patient treated with pembrolizumab.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Immunother Cancer.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-016-0114-4"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b10","unstructured":"Tampio\n AJF,\n \n \n Dhanireddy\n S,\n \n \n Sivapiragasam\n A,\n \n \n Nicholas\n BD.\n \n \n Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and panuveitis in a man with stage IV malignant melanoma after nivolumab immunotherapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tPresented at Combined Otolaryngology Spring Meetings 2019; Austin, TX; May 3, 2019. Accessed Aug 11, 2021.www.researchposters.com\/display_posters.aspx?confcd=cosm2019"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b11","unstructured":"Hobelmann\n K,\n \n \n Fitzgerald\n D.\n \n \n A case of pembrolizumab induced autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Otol Rhinol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t8:\n\t\t\t\t\t1."},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajapakse\n A,\n \n \n O'Leary\n C,\n \n \n Gundelach\n R,\n \n et al.\n \n Unilateral autoimmune inner ear disease in a patient with lung cancer treated with nivolumab.\n\t\t\t\t\tOxf Med Case Reports.2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t2020:omaa077.","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omaa077"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi\n JS,\n \n \n Chen\n M,\n \n \n McQuade\n JL,\n \n et al.\n \n Recurrent audiovestibular dysfunction and associated neurological immune-related adverse events in a melanoma patient treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab.\n\t\t\t\t\tHead Neck.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t42:\n\t\t\t\t\tE35\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tE42.","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26455"},{"key":"2022031621185355200_i2590-017X-5-1-2-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gambichler\n T,\n \n \n Seifert\n C,\n \n \n Lehmann\n M,\n \n et al.\n \n Concurrent Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and impressive response to immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic melanoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tImmunotherapy.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t12:\n\t\t\t\t\t439\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t444.","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2019-0206"}],"container-title":["Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/innovationsjournals-JIPO\/article-pdf\/5\/1\/2\/3029734\/i2590-017x-5-1-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/innovationsjournals-JIPO\/article-pdf\/5\/1\/2\/3029734\/i2590-017x-5-1-2.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T17:48:18Z","timestamp":1765475298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/innovationsjournals-jipo.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/jipo\/5\/1\/article-p2.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36401\/jipo-21-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-017X","2666-2345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-017X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2666-2345","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}}}