{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:27:49Z","timestamp":1790166469867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Innovative Healthcare Institute","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA) is a non\u2013DNA-binding master regulator of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) gene expression, essential for antigen presentation and adaptive immunity. Functioning as a scaffold, CIITA recruits chromatin remodelers and transcription coactivators to form the MHC-II enhanceosome, facilitating transcriptional activation. CIITA expression is tightly regulated through four promoters and is subject to both cytokine-induced and epigenetic control. Dysregulation of CIITA underpins several immune-related disorders. Its deficiency results in bare lymphocyte syndrome, a severe immunodeficiency. Variants in the CIITA gene have been implicated in autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and immune dysregulation. Chromosomal translocations involving CIITA are among the most common genomic alterations in some B-cell lymphomas. Additionally, pathogens such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) exploit CIITA suppression to evade immune surveillance. In oncology, epigenetic silencing of CIITA contributes to MHC-II downregulation and tumor immune evasion. Restoration of CIITA expression enhances tumor immunogenicity, T cell infiltration, and responsiveness to immunotherapy. CIITA also modulates the tumor microenvironment, influences prognosis, and has therapeutic relevance in hematologic and solid tumors. Its multifunctional role positions CIITA as a critical immune regulator and a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy, antiviral strategies, and immune modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36401\/jipo-25-31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:35:39Z","timestamp":1776213339000},"page":"36-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Transactivator (CIITA): A Master MHC-II Regulator Impacting Cancer and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.36401","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-1571","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soon Khai","family":"Low","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Nishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumei","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razelle","family":"Kurzrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"},{"name":"Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22027","reference":[{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b01","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"765","article-title":"Class II transactivator regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in antigen presentation","volume":"181","author":"Chang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chang CH,\nFlavell RA. Class II transactivator regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in antigen presentation. J Exp Med. 1995;181:765\u2013767."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b02","series-title":"Biomed J","first-page":"100631","article-title":"The NLR member CIITA: master controller of adaptive and intrinsic immunity and unexpected tool in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"46","author":"Forlani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Forlani G,\nShallak M,\nGatta A, et al. 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The class II transactivator (CIITA) is regulated by post-translational modification cross-talk between ERK1\/2 phosphorylation, mono-ubiquitination and Lys63 ubiquitination. Biosci Rep. 2015;35:e00233."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b08","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"e2218955120","article-title":"FBXO11 constitutes a major negative regulator of MHC class II through ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of CIITA","volume":"120","author":"Kasuga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kasuga Y,\nOuda R,\nWatanabe M, et al. FBXO11 constitutes a major negative regulator of MHC class II through ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of CIITA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120:e2218955120."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b09","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"7893","article-title":"Positive regulatory domain I (PRDM1) and IRF8\/PU.1 counter-regulate MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) expression during dendritic cell maturation","volume":"286","author":"Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith MA,\nWright G,\nWu J, et al. Positive regulatory domain I (PRDM1) and IRF8\/PU.1 counter-regulate MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) expression during dendritic cell maturation. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:7893\u20137904."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b10","series-title":"Cancer Cell","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Inhibition of the CtBP complex and FBXO11 enhances MHC class II expression and anti-cancer immune responses","volume":"40","author":"Chan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chan KL,\nGomez J,\nCardinez C, et al. Inhibition of the CtBP complex and FBXO11 enhances MHC class II expression and anti-cancer immune responses. Cancer Cell. 2022;40:1190\u20131206.e9."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b11","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"416","article-title":"Evolutionary pressure against MHC class II binding cancer mutations","volume":"175","author":"Marty","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marty R,\nThompson WK,\nSalem RM, et al. Evolutionary pressure against MHC class II binding cancer mutations. Cell. 2018;175:416\u2013428.e13."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b12","series-title":"Int Immunol","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Histone acetylation regulates the cell type specific CIITA promoters, MHC class II expression and antigen presentation in tumor cells","volume":"17","author":"Chou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chou SD,\nKhan ANH,\nMagner WJ,\nTomasi TB. Histone acetylation regulates the cell type specific CIITA promoters, MHC class II expression and antigen presentation in tumor cells. Int Immunol. 2005;17:1483\u20131494."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b13","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"2295","article-title":"Cancer cell\u2013intrinsic expression of MHC class II regulates the immune microenvironment and response to anti\u2013PD-1 therapy in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"204","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson AM,\nBullock BL,\nNeuwelt AJ, et al. Cancer cell\u2013intrinsic expression of MHC class II regulates the immune microenvironment and response to anti\u2013PD-1 therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. J Immunol. 2020;204:2295."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b14","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"8876","article-title":"Epigenetic inactivation of class II transactivator (CIITA) is associated with the absence of interferon-\u03b3-induced HLA-DR expression in colorectal and gastric cancer cells","volume":"23","author":"Satoh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Satoh A,\nToyota M,\nIkeda H, et al. Epigenetic inactivation of class II transactivator (CIITA) is associated with the absence of interferon-\u03b3-induced HLA-DR expression in colorectal and gastric cancer cells. Oncogene. 2004;23:8876\u20138886."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b15","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"3185","article-title":"Epigenetic silencing of the CIITA gene and posttranscriptional regulation of class II MHC genes in ocular melanoma cells","volume":"45","author":"Radosevich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Radosevich M,\nSong Z,\nGorga JC, et al. Epigenetic silencing of the CIITA gene and posttranscriptional regulation of class II MHC genes in ocular melanoma cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:3185\u20133195."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b16","series-title":"Oncoimmunology","first-page":"154823","article-title":"CIITA-related block of HLA class II expression, upregulation of HLA class I, and heterogeneous expression of immune checkpoints in hepatocarcinomas: implications for new therapeutic approaches","volume":"8","author":"Ramia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramia E,\nChiaravalli AM,\nBou Nasser Eddine F, et al. CIITA-related block of HLA class II expression, upregulation of HLA class I, and heterogeneous expression of immune checkpoints in hepatocarcinomas: implications for new therapeutic approaches. Oncoimmunology. 2019;8:154823."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b17","series-title":"Immunology","first-page":"259","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors activate CIITA and MHC class II antigen expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"140","author":"Cycon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cycon KA,\nMulvaney K,\nRimsza LM, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors activate CIITA and MHC class II antigen expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Immunology. 2013;140:259."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b18","series-title":"Int J Cancer","first-page":"E437","article-title":"CIITA is silenced by epigenetic mechanisms that prevent the recruitment of transactivating factors in rhabdomyosarcoma cells","volume":"131","author":"Londhe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Londhe P,\nZhu B,\nAbraham J, et al. CIITA is silenced by epigenetic mechanisms that prevent the recruitment of transactivating factors in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Int J Cancer. 2012;131:E437."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b19","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"291","article-title":"Complicated mechanisms of class II transactivator transcription deficiency in small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma","volume":"161","author":"Yazawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yazawa T,\nIto T,\nKamma H, et al. Complicated mechanisms of class II transactivator transcription deficiency in small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma. Am J Pathol. 2002;161:291."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b20","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"115369","article-title":"Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL): the LYSA pragmatic guidelines","volume":"220","author":"Renaud","year":"2025","unstructured":"Renaud L,\nDonzel M,\nDecroocq J, et al. Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL): the LYSA pragmatic guidelines. Eur J Cancer. 2025;220:115369."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b21","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"377","article-title":"MHC class II transactivator CIITA is a recurrent gene fusion partner in lymphoid cancers","volume":"471","author":"Steidl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steidl C,\nShah SP,\nWoolcock BW, et al. MHC class II transactivator CIITA is a recurrent gene fusion partner in lymphoid cancers. Nature. 2011;471:377."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b22","series-title":"Leuk Lymphoma","first-page":"1037","article-title":"The significance of FOXP1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"58","author":"Gascoyne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gascoyne DM,\nBanham AH. The significance of FOXP1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58:1037\u20131051."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b23","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"3506","article-title":"FOXP1 functions as an oncogene in promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi EJ,\nSeo EJ,\nKim DK, et al. FOXP1 functions as an oncogene in promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2015;7:3506."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b24","series-title":"Nat Commun","first-page":"3684","article-title":"Osteocyte CIITA aggravates osteolytic bone lesions in myeloma","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H,\nHe J,\nBagheri-Yarmand R, et al. Osteocyte CIITA aggravates osteolytic bone lesions in myeloma. Nat Commun. 2022;13:3684."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b25","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"3258","article-title":"NLRC5\/CITA expression correlates with efficient response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Yoshihama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoshihama S,\nCho SX,\nYeung J, et al. NLRC5\/CITA expression correlates with efficient response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Sci Rep. 2021;11:3258."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b26","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Res","first-page":"1570","article-title":"Microsatellite-stable tumors with high mutational burden benefit from immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Goodman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goodman AM,\nSokol ES,\nFrampton GM, et al. Microsatellite-stable tumors with high mutational burden benefit from immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7:1570."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b27","series-title":"Cancer Cell","first-page":"154","article-title":"The challenges of tumor mutational burden as an immunotherapy biomarker","volume":"39","author":"Jardim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jardim DL,\nGoodman A,\nde Melo Gagliato D,\nKurzrock R. The challenges of tumor mutational burden as an immunotherapy biomarker. Cancer Cell. 2020;39:154."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b28","series-title":"Mol Cancer Ther","first-page":"2598","article-title":"Tumor mutational burden as an independent predictor of response to immunotherapy in diverse cancers","volume":"16","author":"Goodman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goodman AM,\nKato S,\nBazhenova L, et al. Tumor mutational burden as an independent predictor of response to immunotherapy in diverse cancers. Mol Cancer Ther. 2017;16:2598\u20132608."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b29","series-title":"Genome Med","first-page":"45","article-title":"MHC-I genotype and tumor mutational burden predict response to immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Goodman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goodman AM,\nCastro A,\nPyke RM, et al. MHC-I genotype and tumor mutational burden predict response to immunotherapy. Genome Med. 2020;12:45."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b30","series-title":"Commun Med (Lond)","first-page":"184","article-title":"MHC class II genotypes are independent predictors of anti-PD1 immunotherapy response in melanoma","volume":"4","author":"Claeys","year":"2024","unstructured":"Claeys A,\nVan den Eynden J. MHC class II genotypes are independent predictors of anti-PD1 immunotherapy response in melanoma. Commun Med (Lond). 2024;4:184."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b31","series-title":"Nat Commun","first-page":"1516","article-title":"The molecular and functional landscape of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim SY,\nShklovskaya E,\nLee JH, et al. The molecular and functional landscape of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma. Nat Commun. 2023;14:1516."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b32","series-title":"Mol Cancer Ther","first-page":"847","article-title":"PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel SP,\nKurzrock R. PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015;14:847\u2013856."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b33","series-title":"J Immunother Precis Oncol","first-page":"90","article-title":"Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte expression of PD-1 predicts response to anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Bevins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bevins NJ,\nOkamura R,\nMontesion M, et al. Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte expression of PD-1 predicts response to anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy. J Immunother Precis Oncol. 2022;5:90."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b34","series-title":"Cell Rep","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Interferon receptor signaling pathways regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression","volume":"19","author":"Garcia-Diaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Diaz A,\nShin DS,\nMoreno BH, et al. Interferon receptor signaling pathways regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression. Cell Rep. 2017;19:1189."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b35","series-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol","first-page":"724","article-title":"Class II transactivator restricts viral replication, extending its effect to HBV: editorial on \u201cNovel role of MHC class II transactivator in hepatitis B virus replication and viral counteraction","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee CR,\nPark SG. Class II transactivator restricts viral replication, extending its effect to HBV: editorial on \u201cNovel role of MHC class II transactivator in hepatitis B virus replication and viral counteraction.\u201d Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024;30:724."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b36","series-title":"Science (1979)","first-page":"241","article-title":"MHC class II transactivator CIITA induces cell resistance to Ebola virus and SARS-like coronaviruses","volume":"370","author":"Bruchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bruchez A,\nSha K,\nJohnson J, et al. MHC class II transactivator CIITA induces cell resistance to Ebola virus and SARS-like coronaviruses. Science (1979). 2020;370:241\u2013247."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b37","series-title":"iScience","first-page":"103595","article-title":"Low levels of CIITA and high levels of SOCS1 predict COVID-19 disease severity in children and adults","volume":"25","author":"Girona-Alarcon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Girona-Alarcon M,\nArg\u00fcello G,\nEsteve-Sole A, et al. Low levels of CIITA and high levels of SOCS1 predict COVID-19 disease severity in children and adults. iScience. 2021;25:103595."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b38","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"933","article-title":"The MHC2TA -168A\/G polymorphism and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of 6861 patients and 9270 controls reveals no evidence for association","volume":"67","author":"Bronson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bronson PG,\nCriswell LA,\nBarcellos LF. The MHC2TA -168A\/G polymorphism and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of 6861 patients and 9270 controls reveals no evidence for association. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:933\u2013936."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b39","series-title":"Int J Immunogenet","first-page":"429","article-title":"CIITA gene polymorphism (rs3087456) in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Lima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lima SC,\nGomes da Silva IIF,\nde Queiroga Nascimento D, et al. CIITA gene polymorphism (rs3087456) in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Int J Immunogenet. 2021;48:429\u2013434."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b40","series-title":"Genes Immun","first-page":"667","article-title":"The rs4774 CIITA missense variant is associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"12","author":"Bronson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bronson PG,\nGoldstein BA,\nRamsay PP, et al. The rs4774 CIITA missense variant is associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun. 2011;12:667\u2013671."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b41","series-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Association of CIITA (rs8048002) and CLEC2D (rs2114870) gene variants and type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"23","author":"El-Fadeal","year":"2024","unstructured":"El-Fadeal NMA,\nSaad MA,\nMehanna ET, et al. Association of CIITA (rs8048002) and CLEC2D (rs2114870) gene variants and type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2024;23:1151\u20131162."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b42","series-title":"Genes Immun","first-page":"162","article-title":"Variability in the CIITA gene interacts with HLA in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Gyllenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gyllenberg A,\nPiehl F,\nAlfredsson L, et al. Variability in the CIITA gene interacts with HLA in multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun. 2014;15:162\u2013167."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b43","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"486","article-title":"MHC2TA is associated with differential MHC molecule expression and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction","volume":"37","author":"Swanberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swanberg M,\nLidman O,\nPadyukov L, et al. MHC2TA is associated with differential MHC molecule expression and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction. Nat Genet. 2005;37:486\u2013494."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b44","series-title":"JCI Insight","first-page":"85293","article-title":"Blocking MHC class II on human endothelium mitigates acute rejection","volume":"1","author":"Abrahimi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abrahimi P,\nQin L,\nChang WG, et al. Blocking MHC class II on human endothelium mitigates acute rejection. JCI Insight. 2016;1:85293."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b45","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"3435","article-title":"CIITA-induced MHC class II expression in mammary adenocarcinoma leads to a Th1 polarization of the tumor microenvironment, tumor rejection, and specific antitumor memory","volume":"12","author":"Mortara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mortara L,\nCastellani P,\nMeazza R, et al. CIITA-induced MHC class II expression in mammary adenocarcinoma leads to a Th1 polarization of the tumor microenvironment, tumor rejection, and specific antitumor memory. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:3435\u20133443."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b46","series-title":"Clin Epigenetics","first-page":"71","article-title":"DNA methylation in melanoma immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deshmukh MG,\nBrooks VT,\nRoy SF, et al. DNA methylation in melanoma immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Epigenetics. 2025;17:71."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b47","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Res","first-page":"1318","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibition sensitizes PD1 blockade-resistant B-cell lymphomas","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X,\nWaschke BC,\nWoolaver RA, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibition sensitizes PD1 blockade-resistant B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7:1318\u20131331."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b48","series-title":"Cancer Discov","first-page":"2450","article-title":"Priming with DNMT inhibitors potentiates PD-1 immunotherapy by triggering viral mimicry in relapsed\/refractory NK\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang C,\nGao Y,\nChen J, et al. Priming with DNMT inhibitors potentiates PD-1 immunotherapy by triggering viral mimicry in relapsed\/refractory NK\/T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Discov. 2025;15:2450\u20132467."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b49","series-title":"Nat Cancer","first-page":"1370","article-title":"Efficacy of pembrolizumab and vorinostat combination in patients with recurrent and\/or metastatic squamous cell carcinomas: a phase 2 basket trial","volume":"6","author":"Borcoman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Borcoman E,\nCabarrou B,\nFrancisco M, et al. Efficacy of pembrolizumab and vorinostat combination in patients with recurrent and\/or metastatic squamous cell carcinomas: a phase 2 basket trial. Nat Cancer. 2025;6:1370\u20131383."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b50","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1806","article-title":"CIITA-driven MHC class II expressing tumor cells as antigen presenting cell performers: toward the construction of an optimal anti-tumor vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Accolla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Accolla RS,\nRamia E,\nTedeschi A,\nForlani G. CIITA-driven MHC class II expressing tumor cells as antigen presenting cell performers: toward the construction of an optimal anti-tumor vaccine. 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Mol Oncol. 2025;19:682\u2013697."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b53","series-title":"Arch Dermatol Res","first-page":"189","article-title":"CIITA versus IFN-\u03b3 induced MHC class II expression in head and neck cancer cells","volume":"301","author":"Meissner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meissner M,\nWhiteside TL,\nKaufmann R,\nSeliger B. CIITA versus IFN-\u03b3 induced MHC class II expression in head and neck cancer cells. Arch Dermatol Res. 2009;301:189\u2013193."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b54","series-title":"Pharmaceutics","first-page":"92","article-title":"Therapeutic cancer vaccination with ex vivo RNA-transfected dendritic cells\u2014an update","volume":"12","author":"D\u00f6rrie","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u00f6rrie J,\nSchaft N,\nSchuler G,\nSchuler-Thurner B. Therapeutic cancer vaccination with ex vivo RNA-transfected dendritic cells\u2014an update. 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Stem Cell Res. 2023;71:103138."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b57","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"17753","article-title":"Abrogation of HLA surface expression using CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing: a step toward universal T cell therapy","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee J,\nSheen JH,\nLim O, et al. Abrogation of HLA surface expression using CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing: a step toward universal T cell therapy. Sci Rep 2020;10:17753."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b58","series-title":"Inflammopharmacology","first-page":"883","article-title":"Natural products as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for the management of non-communicable diseases","volume":"34","author":"Muhammad","year":"2026","unstructured":"Muhammad RN,\nAborehab NM,\nAly SH, et al. Natural products as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for the management of non-communicable diseases. 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Clin Transl Oncol. 2026;78:71\u201385."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b61","series-title":"Clin Transl Med","first-page":"e70403","article-title":"Decoding MHC loss: Molecular mechanisms and implications for immune resistance in cancer","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin P,\nLin Y,\nChen X, et al. Decoding MHC loss: Molecular mechanisms and implications for immune resistance in cancer. Clin Transl Med. 2025;15:e70403."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b62","series-title":"Vaccines (Basel)","first-page":"550","article-title":"Synergistic integration of HDAC inhibitors and individualized neoantigen therapy (INT): a next-generation combinatorial approach for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han R,\nZhou H,\nPeng B, et al. Synergistic integration of HDAC inhibitors and individualized neoantigen therapy (INT): a next-generation combinatorial approach for cancer immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel). 2025;13:550."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b63","series-title":"J Immunol Res","first-page":"4973964","article-title":"DNA methyltransferase inhibition promotes Th1 polarization in human CD4+CD25high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells but does not affect their suppressive capacity","volume":"2018","author":"Landman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Landman S,\nCruijsen M,\nUrbano PCM, et al. DNA methyltransferase inhibition promotes Th1 polarization in human CD4+CD25high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells but does not affect their suppressive capacity. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:4973964."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b64","series-title":"Sci Adv","first-page":"11","article-title":"CD4+FOXP3Exon2+regulatory T cell frequency predicts breast cancer prognosis and survival","author":"Fusco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fusco C,\nDi Rella F,\nLiotti A, et al. CD4+FOXP3Exon2+regulatory T cell frequency predicts breast cancer prognosis and survival. Sci Adv. 2025;11. DOI: 10.1126\/SCIADV.ADR7934"},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b65","series-title":"Cancer Biol Med","first-page":"1304","article-title":"Biological mechanism and immune response of MHC-II expression in tumor cells","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou M,\nPan S,\nZhang Y, et al. Biological mechanism and immune response of MHC-II expression in tumor cells. Cancer Biol Med. 2025;22:1304\u20131326."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b66","series-title":"Nat Commun","first-page":"7713","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses reveal tertiary lymphoid structures linked to tumour progression and immunotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y,\nYe SY,\nHe S, et al. Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses reveal tertiary lymphoid structures linked to tumour progression and immunotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2024;15:7713."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b01","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"765","article-title":"Class II transactivator regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in antigen presentation","volume":"181","author":"Chang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chang CH,\nFlavell RA. Class II transactivator regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in antigen presentation. J Exp Med. 1995;181:765\u2013767."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b02","series-title":"Biomed J","first-page":"100631","article-title":"The NLR member CIITA: master controller of adaptive and intrinsic immunity and unexpected tool in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"46","author":"Forlani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Forlani G,\nShallak M,\nGatta A, et al. The NLR member CIITA: master controller of adaptive and intrinsic immunity and unexpected tool in cancer immunotherapy. 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Clin Epigenetics. 2024;16:83."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b05","series-title":"EMBO J","first-page":"2851","article-title":"Expression of MHC class II molecules in different cellular and functional compartments is controlled by differential usage of multiple promoters of the transactivator CIITA","volume":"16","author":"Muhlethaler-Mottet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Muhlethaler-Mottet A,\nOtten LA,\nSteimle V,\nMach B. Expression of MHC class II molecules in different cellular and functional compartments is controlled by differential usage of multiple promoters of the transactivator CIITA. EMBO J. 1997;16:2851."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b06","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"25893","article-title":"Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of degron proximal residues are essential for class II transactivator (CIITA) transactivation and major histocompatibility class II expression","volume":"285","author":"Bhat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhat KP,\nTruax AD,\nGreer SF. 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Biosci Rep. 2015;35:e00233."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b08","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"e2218955120","article-title":"FBXO11 constitutes a major negative regulator of MHC class II through ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of CIITA","volume":"120","author":"Kasuga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kasuga Y,\nOuda R,\nWatanabe M, et al. FBXO11 constitutes a major negative regulator of MHC class II through ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of CIITA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120:e2218955120."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b09","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"7893","article-title":"Positive regulatory domain I (PRDM1) and IRF8\/PU.1 counter-regulate MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) expression during dendritic cell maturation","volume":"286","author":"Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith MA,\nWright G,\nWu J, et al. 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Cell. 2018;175:416\u2013428.e13."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b12","series-title":"Int Immunol","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Histone acetylation regulates the cell type specific CIITA promoters, MHC class II expression and antigen presentation in tumor cells","volume":"17","author":"Chou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chou SD,\nKhan ANH,\nMagner WJ,\nTomasi TB. Histone acetylation regulates the cell type specific CIITA promoters, MHC class II expression and antigen presentation in tumor cells. Int Immunol. 2005;17:1483\u20131494."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b13","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"2295","article-title":"Cancer cell\u2013intrinsic expression of MHC class II regulates the immune microenvironment and response to anti\u2013PD-1 therapy in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"204","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson AM,\nBullock BL,\nNeuwelt AJ, et al. 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Oncogene. 2004;23:8876\u20138886."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b15","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"3185","article-title":"Epigenetic silencing of the CIITA gene and posttranscriptional regulation of class II MHC genes in ocular melanoma cells","volume":"45","author":"Radosevich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Radosevich M,\nSong Z,\nGorga JC, et al. Epigenetic silencing of the CIITA gene and posttranscriptional regulation of class II MHC genes in ocular melanoma cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:3185\u20133195."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b16","series-title":"Oncoimmunology","first-page":"154823","article-title":"CIITA-related block of HLA class II expression, upregulation of HLA class I, and heterogeneous expression of immune checkpoints in hepatocarcinomas: implications for new therapeutic approaches","volume":"8","author":"Ramia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramia E,\nChiaravalli AM,\nBou Nasser Eddine F, et al. 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Immunology. 2013;140:259."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b18","series-title":"Int J Cancer","first-page":"E437","article-title":"CIITA is silenced by epigenetic mechanisms that prevent the recruitment of transactivating factors in rhabdomyosarcoma cells","volume":"131","author":"Londhe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Londhe P,\nZhu B,\nAbraham J, et al. CIITA is silenced by epigenetic mechanisms that prevent the recruitment of transactivating factors in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Int J Cancer. 2012;131:E437."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b19","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"291","article-title":"Complicated mechanisms of class II transactivator transcription deficiency in small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma","volume":"161","author":"Yazawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yazawa T,\nIto T,\nKamma H, et al. Complicated mechanisms of class II transactivator transcription deficiency in small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma. Am J Pathol. 2002;161:291."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b20","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"115369","article-title":"Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL): the LYSA pragmatic guidelines","volume":"220","author":"Renaud","year":"2025","unstructured":"Renaud L,\nDonzel M,\nDecroocq J, et al. Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL): the LYSA pragmatic guidelines. Eur J Cancer. 2025;220:115369."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b21","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"377","article-title":"MHC class II transactivator CIITA is a recurrent gene fusion partner in lymphoid cancers","volume":"471","author":"Steidl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steidl C,\nShah SP,\nWoolcock BW, et al. MHC class II transactivator CIITA is a recurrent gene fusion partner in lymphoid cancers. Nature. 2011;471:377."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b22","series-title":"Leuk Lymphoma","first-page":"1037","article-title":"The significance of FOXP1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"58","author":"Gascoyne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gascoyne DM,\nBanham AH. The significance of FOXP1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58:1037\u20131051."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b23","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"3506","article-title":"FOXP1 functions as an oncogene in promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi EJ,\nSeo EJ,\nKim DK, et al. FOXP1 functions as an oncogene in promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2015;7:3506."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b24","series-title":"Nat Commun","first-page":"3684","article-title":"Osteocyte CIITA aggravates osteolytic bone lesions in myeloma","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H,\nHe J,\nBagheri-Yarmand R, et al. Osteocyte CIITA aggravates osteolytic bone lesions in myeloma. Nat Commun. 2022;13:3684."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b25","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"3258","article-title":"NLRC5\/CITA expression correlates with efficient response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Yoshihama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoshihama S,\nCho SX,\nYeung J, et al. NLRC5\/CITA expression correlates with efficient response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Sci Rep. 2021;11:3258."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b26","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Res","first-page":"1570","article-title":"Microsatellite-stable tumors with high mutational burden benefit from immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Goodman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goodman AM,\nSokol ES,\nFrampton GM, et al. Microsatellite-stable tumors with high mutational burden benefit from immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7:1570."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b27","series-title":"Cancer Cell","first-page":"154","article-title":"The challenges of tumor mutational burden as an immunotherapy biomarker","volume":"39","author":"Jardim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jardim DL,\nGoodman A,\nde Melo Gagliato D,\nKurzrock R. The challenges of tumor mutational burden as an immunotherapy biomarker. Cancer Cell. 2020;39:154."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b28","series-title":"Mol Cancer Ther","first-page":"2598","article-title":"Tumor mutational burden as an independent predictor of response to immunotherapy in diverse cancers","volume":"16","author":"Goodman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goodman AM,\nKato S,\nBazhenova L, et al. Tumor mutational burden as an independent predictor of response to immunotherapy in diverse cancers. Mol Cancer Ther. 2017;16:2598\u20132608."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b29","series-title":"Genome Med","first-page":"45","article-title":"MHC-I genotype and tumor mutational burden predict response to immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Goodman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goodman AM,\nCastro A,\nPyke RM, et al. MHC-I genotype and tumor mutational burden predict response to immunotherapy. Genome Med. 2020;12:45."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b30","series-title":"Commun Med (Lond)","first-page":"184","article-title":"MHC class II genotypes are independent predictors of anti-PD1 immunotherapy response in melanoma","volume":"4","author":"Claeys","year":"2024","unstructured":"Claeys A,\nVan den Eynden J. MHC class II genotypes are independent predictors of anti-PD1 immunotherapy response in melanoma. Commun Med (Lond). 2024;4:184."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b31","series-title":"Nat Commun","first-page":"1516","article-title":"The molecular and functional landscape of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim SY,\nShklovskaya E,\nLee JH, et al. The molecular and functional landscape of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma. Nat Commun. 2023;14:1516."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b32","series-title":"Mol Cancer Ther","first-page":"847","article-title":"PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel SP,\nKurzrock R. PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015;14:847\u2013856."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b33","series-title":"J Immunother Precis Oncol","first-page":"90","article-title":"Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte expression of PD-1 predicts response to anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Bevins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bevins NJ,\nOkamura R,\nMontesion M, et al. Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte expression of PD-1 predicts response to anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy. J Immunother Precis Oncol. 2022;5:90."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b34","series-title":"Cell Rep","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Interferon receptor signaling pathways regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression","volume":"19","author":"Garcia-Diaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Diaz A,\nShin DS,\nMoreno BH, et al. Interferon receptor signaling pathways regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression. Cell Rep. 2017;19:1189."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b35","series-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol","first-page":"724","article-title":"Class II transactivator restricts viral replication, extending its effect to HBV: editorial on \u201cNovel role of MHC class II transactivator in hepatitis B virus replication and viral counteraction","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee CR,\nPark SG. Class II transactivator restricts viral replication, extending its effect to HBV: editorial on \u201cNovel role of MHC class II transactivator in hepatitis B virus replication and viral counteraction.\u201d Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024;30:724."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b36","series-title":"Science (1979)","first-page":"241","article-title":"MHC class II transactivator CIITA induces cell resistance to Ebola virus and SARS-like coronaviruses","volume":"370","author":"Bruchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bruchez A,\nSha K,\nJohnson J, et al. MHC class II transactivator CIITA induces cell resistance to Ebola virus and SARS-like coronaviruses. Science (1979). 2020;370:241\u2013247."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b37","series-title":"iScience","first-page":"103595","article-title":"Low levels of CIITA and high levels of SOCS1 predict COVID-19 disease severity in children and adults","volume":"25","author":"Girona-Alarcon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Girona-Alarcon M,\nArg\u00fcello G,\nEsteve-Sole A, et al. Low levels of CIITA and high levels of SOCS1 predict COVID-19 disease severity in children and adults. iScience. 2021;25:103595."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b38","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"933","article-title":"The MHC2TA -168A\/G polymorphism and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of 6861 patients and 9270 controls reveals no evidence for association","volume":"67","author":"Bronson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bronson PG,\nCriswell LA,\nBarcellos LF. The MHC2TA -168A\/G polymorphism and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of 6861 patients and 9270 controls reveals no evidence for association. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:933\u2013936."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b39","series-title":"Int J Immunogenet","first-page":"429","article-title":"CIITA gene polymorphism (rs3087456) in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Lima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lima SC,\nGomes da Silva IIF,\nde Queiroga Nascimento D, et al. CIITA gene polymorphism (rs3087456) in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Int J Immunogenet. 2021;48:429\u2013434."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b40","series-title":"Genes Immun","first-page":"667","article-title":"The rs4774 CIITA missense variant is associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"12","author":"Bronson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bronson PG,\nGoldstein BA,\nRamsay PP, et al. The rs4774 CIITA missense variant is associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun. 2011;12:667\u2013671."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b41","series-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Association of CIITA (rs8048002) and CLEC2D (rs2114870) gene variants and type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"23","author":"El-Fadeal","year":"2024","unstructured":"El-Fadeal NMA,\nSaad MA,\nMehanna ET, et al. Association of CIITA (rs8048002) and CLEC2D (rs2114870) gene variants and type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2024;23:1151\u20131162."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b42","series-title":"Genes Immun","first-page":"162","article-title":"Variability in the CIITA gene interacts with HLA in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Gyllenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gyllenberg A,\nPiehl F,\nAlfredsson L, et al. Variability in the CIITA gene interacts with HLA in multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun. 2014;15:162\u2013167."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b43","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"486","article-title":"MHC2TA is associated with differential MHC molecule expression and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction","volume":"37","author":"Swanberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swanberg M,\nLidman O,\nPadyukov L, et al. MHC2TA is associated with differential MHC molecule expression and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction. Nat Genet. 2005;37:486\u2013494."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b44","series-title":"JCI Insight","first-page":"85293","article-title":"Blocking MHC class II on human endothelium mitigates acute rejection","volume":"1","author":"Abrahimi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abrahimi P,\nQin L,\nChang WG, et al. Blocking MHC class II on human endothelium mitigates acute rejection. JCI Insight. 2016;1:85293."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b45","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"3435","article-title":"CIITA-induced MHC class II expression in mammary adenocarcinoma leads to a Th1 polarization of the tumor microenvironment, tumor rejection, and specific antitumor memory","volume":"12","author":"Mortara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mortara L,\nCastellani P,\nMeazza R, et al. CIITA-induced MHC class II expression in mammary adenocarcinoma leads to a Th1 polarization of the tumor microenvironment, tumor rejection, and specific antitumor memory. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:3435\u20133443."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b46","series-title":"Clin Epigenetics","first-page":"71","article-title":"DNA methylation in melanoma immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deshmukh MG,\nBrooks VT,\nRoy SF, et al. DNA methylation in melanoma immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Epigenetics. 2025;17:71."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b47","series-title":"Cancer Immunol Res","first-page":"1318","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibition sensitizes PD1 blockade-resistant B-cell lymphomas","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X,\nWaschke BC,\nWoolaver RA, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibition sensitizes PD1 blockade-resistant B-cell lymphomas. 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Efficacy of pembrolizumab and vorinostat combination in patients with recurrent and\/or metastatic squamous cell carcinomas: a phase 2 basket trial. Nat Cancer. 2025;6:1370\u20131383."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b50","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1806","article-title":"CIITA-driven MHC class II expressing tumor cells as antigen presenting cell performers: toward the construction of an optimal anti-tumor vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Accolla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Accolla RS,\nRamia E,\nTedeschi A,\nForlani G. CIITA-driven MHC class II expressing tumor cells as antigen presenting cell performers: toward the construction of an optimal anti-tumor vaccine. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1806."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b51","series-title":"J Transl Med","first-page":"758","article-title":"CIITA-modified glioblastomas vaccinate and induce cross-protection against heterologous wild-type glioblastomas","volume":"23","author":"Gatta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gatta A,\nShaik AKB,\nShallak M, et al. CIITA-modified glioblastomas vaccinate and induce cross-protection against heterologous wild-type glioblastomas. J Transl Med. 2025;23:758."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b52","series-title":"Mol Oncol","first-page":"682","article-title":"Adenoviral delivery of the CIITA transgene induces T-cell-mediated killing in glioblastoma organoids","volume":"19","author":"Salvato","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salvato I,\nKlein E,\nPoli A, et al. Adenoviral delivery of the CIITA transgene induces T-cell-mediated killing in glioblastoma organoids. Mol Oncol. 2025;19:682\u2013697."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b53","series-title":"Arch Dermatol Res","first-page":"189","article-title":"CIITA versus IFN-\u03b3 induced MHC class II expression in head and neck cancer cells","volume":"301","author":"Meissner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meissner M,\nWhiteside TL,\nKaufmann R,\nSeliger B. CIITA versus IFN-\u03b3 induced MHC class II expression in head and neck cancer cells. Arch Dermatol Res. 2009;301:189\u2013193."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b54","series-title":"Pharmaceutics","first-page":"92","article-title":"Therapeutic cancer vaccination with ex vivo RNA-transfected dendritic cells\u2014an update","volume":"12","author":"D\u00f6rrie","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u00f6rrie J,\nSchaft N,\nSchuler G,\nSchuler-Thurner B. Therapeutic cancer vaccination with ex vivo RNA-transfected dendritic cells\u2014an update. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12:92."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b55","series-title":"Biomolecules","first-page":"391","article-title":"Evaluation of lipid-based transfection in primary monocytes within an ex vivo whole-blood model","volume":"15","author":"Moolan-Vadackumchery","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moolan-Vadackumchery R,\nZhang L,\nSt\u00fcber F. Evaluation of lipid-based transfection in primary monocytes within an ex vivo whole-blood model. Biomolecules. 2025;15:391."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b56","series-title":"Stem Cell Res","first-page":"103138","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of B2M and CIITA genes eliminates HLA class I and II expression in human induced pluripotent stem cells (MUSIi001-A-2)","volume":"71","author":"Thongsin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thongsin N,\nSuwanpitak S,\nWattanapanitch M. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of B2M and CIITA genes eliminates HLA class I and II expression in human induced pluripotent stem cells (MUSIi001-A-2). Stem Cell Res. 2023;71:103138."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b57","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"17753","article-title":"Abrogation of HLA surface expression using CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing: a step toward universal T cell therapy","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee J,\nSheen JH,\nLim O, et al. Abrogation of HLA surface expression using CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing: a step toward universal T cell therapy. Sci Rep 2020;10:17753."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b58","series-title":"Inflammopharmacology","first-page":"883","article-title":"Natural products as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for the management of non-communicable diseases","volume":"34","author":"Muhammad","year":"2026","unstructured":"Muhammad RN,\nAborehab NM,\nAly SH, et al. Natural products as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for the management of non-communicable diseases. 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Vaccines (Basel). 2025;13:550."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b63","series-title":"J Immunol Res","first-page":"4973964","article-title":"DNA methyltransferase inhibition promotes Th1 polarization in human CD4+CD25high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells but does not affect their suppressive capacity","volume":"2018","author":"Landman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Landman S,\nCruijsen M,\nUrbano PCM, et al. DNA methyltransferase inhibition promotes Th1 polarization in human CD4+CD25high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells but does not affect their suppressive capacity. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:4973964."},{"key":"i2590-017X-9-2-36-b64","series-title":"Sci Adv","first-page":"11","article-title":"CD4+FOXP3Exon2+regulatory T cell frequency predicts breast cancer prognosis and survival","author":"Fusco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fusco C,\nDi Rella F,\nLiotti A, et al. CD4+FOXP3Exon2+regulatory T cell frequency predicts breast cancer prognosis and survival. Sci Adv. 2025;11. 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