{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:39:55Z","timestamp":1785425995843,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jheor.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare, progressive neurological disease characterized by asymmetrical limb weakness. The real-world healthcare burden of MMN is not well established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"objectives\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and healthcare spending associated with MMN in patients in the US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, observational claims study extracted data from the Humana Healthcare Research Database, comprising US Medicare Advantage plan members. Eligible patients were aged 18-89 years, had \u22652 nondiagnostic medical claims (the first being the index date) associated with an MMN diagnosis code (January 1, 2017\u2013June 30, 2022), and continuous enrollment for 12 months pre-index (baseline) and post-index (follow-up). Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, or immunosuppressant use were excluded. Outcomes were assessed during the baseline and follow-up periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deidentified data were extracted for 248 patients with MMN. Median (Q1, Q3) age at index was 70.0 (62.0, 77.0) years; most patients were male (53.6%) and White (78.2%). Diagnostic procedures included (baseline\/follow-up periods) spinal magnetic resonance imaging (21.4%\/18.1%), nerve conduction studies (19.8%\/14.5%), and electromyography (17.7%\/15.3%). Anticonvulsants, pain medications, corticosteroids, and central muscle relaxants were the most commonly used medications. Overall, 5.2% of patients had intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) during follow-up. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) time from index to IVIG initiation was 63.1 (52.2) days, with 6.5 (5.4) administrations, 28.7 (22.9) days between administrations, and 147.5 (133.9) days of total treatment. For all-cause HCRU, 23.8% of patients had \u22651 inpatient stay in the baseline period, with mean (SD) length of stay of 12.7 (14.5) days; during follow-up, 27.8% of patients had \u22651 inpatient stay (length of stay, 13.4 [16.2] days). During the baseline\/follow-up periods, 43.1%\/46.8% of patients had \u22651 emergency department visit, and 18.5%\/28.6% used telehealth services. Median all-cause spending (baseline\/follow-up) was $11\u2009299\/$16\u2009074 for total healthcare, $6745\/$10\u2009630 for medical resources, and $1374\/$1701 for pharmacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"discussion\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further studies are needed to enhance our understanding of the real-world diagnostic and treatment patterns associated with MMN and to determine long-term clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These real-world data highlighted the considerable burden associated with MMN on the healthcare system and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.36469\/001c.158137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T16:39:47Z","timestamp":1775234387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36469\/00001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology, Patient Characteristics, Real-World Treatment Patterns, and Healthcare Utilization and Spending for Patients with Multifocal Motor Neuropathy: A US Claims-Based Analysis"],"prefix":"10.36469","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Khandelwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Geremakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03bygaq51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Takeda (United States)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Saundankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gxnqr83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Humana Healthcare Research Inc., Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Sheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gxnqr83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Humana Healthcare Research Inc., Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Suehs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gxnqr83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Humana Healthcare Research Inc., Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22273","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1558974","article-title":"Acquired immunologic neuropathies","volume":"35","author":"J. 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