{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:20:14Z","timestamp":1780514414423,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"The Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006259","name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JHEOR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary movements, specifically chorea, as well as behavioral and psychiatric disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. Tetrabenazine was the first approved treatment for chorea, although tolerability concerns exist. Objectives: To characterize demographic and clinical characteristics of HD patients with chorea based on tetrabenazine use and examine treatment persistence with tetrabenazine in a real-world setting. Methods: Patients with a claim for HD-associated chorea (ICD-9-CM code 333.4) between 1\/1\/08 and 9\/30\/15 were selected from the MarketScan\u00ae Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases. The first diagnosis date during the study period was considered the index date, with \u22656 months of continuous medical and prescription coverage before and after the index date. Treatment persistence was defined as the number of days from initiation to discontinuation or end of follow-up period. Discontinuation was defined as a gap in therapy of \u226560 days. Results: 1644 patients met selection criteria (mean age \u00b1 standard deviation: 54.5 \u00b1 15.5), of which 151 (9.2%) were treated with tetrabenazine during the study period. The average (median) daily dose of tetrabenazine during the treatment period was 45.5 (42.3) mg\/day. A total of 41.8% (59\/141) of HD patients who initiated tetrabenazine experienced a \u226560-day gap in tetrabenazine therapy, with a median time to discontinuation of 293.5 days. During the 6-month post-index period after HD diagnosis, HD patients incurred higher all-cause healthcare costs ($20 204) vs the 6-month pre-index period ($6057), driven by higher hospitalization and pharmacy costs. Conclusions:A small percentage of HD patients with chorea were treated with tetrabenazine and discontinuation rates were high among those receiving treatment, with a median time to discontinuation of 9 months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36469\/9779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T19:07:22Z","timestamp":1571857642000},"page":"15-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Retrospective Analysis of Healthcare Resource Use, Treatment Patterns, and Treatment-related Events in Patients with Huntington\u2019s Disease\u2013associated Chorea Initiated on Tetrabenazine"],"prefix":"10.36469","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Victor W.","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay K.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Frazer, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Abler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Frazer, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Truven Health Analytics, an IBM Company, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra E.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Truven Health Analytics, an IBM Company, Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi G.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Frazer, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22273","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Foroud T, Gray J, Ivashina J, Conneally PM. Differences in duration of Huntington\u2019s disease based on age at onset. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;66:52-56.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.1.52"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jankovic J. Treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:844-856.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70183-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross CA, Aylward EH, Wild EJ, et al. Huntington disease: natural history, biomarkers and prospects for therapeutics. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10:204-216.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.24"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson KE. Huntington\u2019s disease. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;100:15-24.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52014-2.00002-1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burgunder J-M, Guttman M, Perlman S, Goodman N, van Kammen DP, Goodman L. An international survey-based algorithm for the pharmacologic treatment of chorea in Huntington\u2019s disease. PLoS Curr. 2011;3:RRN1260. doi:10.1371\/currents.rrn1260","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.rrn1260"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Erickson JD, Schafer MK, Bonner TI, Eiden LE, Weihe E. Distinct pharmacological properties and distribution in neurons and endocrine cells of two isoforms of the human vesicular monoamine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93(10):5166-5171. doi:10.1073\/pnas.93.10.5166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.5166"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fasano A, Bentivoglio AR. Tetrabenazine. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:2883-2896.","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903386292"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"XENAZINETM (Tetrabenazine) (Prescribing Information). Copenhagen, Denmark: Lundbeck; 2015."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kenney C, Hunter C, Jankovic J. Long-term tolerability of tetrabenazine in the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Movement Disord. 2007;22:193-197.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21222"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huntington Study Group. Tetrabenazine as antichorea therapy in Huntington disease: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2006;66:366-372.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000198586.85250.13"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stamler D, Bradbury M, Brown F. The pharmacokinetics and safety of deuterated-tetrabenazine. Neurology. 2013;80:P07.210.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.80.7_supplement.P07.210"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Divino V, Dekoven M, Warner JH, et al. The direct medical costs of Huntington\u2019s disease by stage. A retrospective commercial and Medicaid claims data analysis. J Med Econ. 2013;16:1043-1050.","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2013.818545"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones C, Busse M, Quinn L, et al. The societal cost of Huntington\u2019s disease: are we underestimating the burden? Eur J Neurol. 2016;23:1588-1590.","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13107"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"AUSTEDOTM (Deutetrabenazine) Tablets [Prescribing Information]. North Wales, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc; 2017."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Anderson KE, Iyer RG, Alevras D, et al. A Descriptive Analysis of a Real-World Population With Huntington-Associated Chorea Treated With Tetrabenazine: Findings From an Electronic Medical Records Database. In: The Academy of Managed Care (AMCP) Annual Meeting. Denver, CO: March 27\u201330, 2017."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Sung VW, Iyer RG, Schilling T, Buzinec MS. Tetrabenazine Use in Patients With Huntington Disease Chorea. In: The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting. Boston, MA: April 22\u201328, 2017."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simpson JA, Lovecky D, Kogan J, Vetter LA, Yohrling GJ. Survey of the Huntington\u2019s Disease Patient and Caregiver Community Reveals Most Impactful Symptoms and Treatment Needs. J Huntingtons Dis. 2016;5:395-403.","DOI":"10.3233\/jhd-160228"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berhe DF, Taxis K, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM, et al. Impact of adverse drug events and treatment satisfaction on patient adherence with antihypertensive medication - a study in ambulatory patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83:2107-2117.","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13312"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leporini C, De Sarro G, Russo E. Adherence to therapy and adverse drug reactions: is there a link? Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 2014;13(sup1):S41-55. doi:10.1517\/14740338.2014.947260","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2014.947260"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:487-497.","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra050100"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roberts ME, Wheeler KJ, Neiheisel MB. Medication adherence Part three: Strategies for improving adherence. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2014;26:281-287.","DOI":"10.1002\/2327-6924.12113"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huntington Study Group, Frank S, Testa CM, et al. Effect of deutetrabenazine on chorea among patients with Huntington disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;316:40-50.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.8655"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shao L, Hewitt MC. The kinetic isotope effect in the search for deuterated drugs. Drug News Perspect. 2010;23:398-404.","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2010.23.6.1426638"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Claassen DO, Carroll B, De Boer LM, et al. Indirect tolerability comparison of deutetrabenazine and tetrabenazine for Huntington disease. J Clin Mov Disord. 2017;4(3).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40734-017-0051-5"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank S, Stamler D, Kayson E, et al. Safety of converting from tetrabenazine to deutetrabenazine for the treatment of chorea. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74:977-982.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1352"}],"container-title":["Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/pmid\/32685569\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T14:40:29Z","timestamp":1748875229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jheor.org\/article\/9779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36469\/9779","archive":["Portico","Portico","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-2236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-2236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]]},"article-number":"9779"}}