{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T06:01:28Z","timestamp":1773727288108,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq. Bras. Cardiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resumo  Fundamento: Como comportamento sedent\u00e1rio predominante no lazer, foi documentado que assistir televis\u00e3o aumenta as doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares em estudos observacionais, mas a rela\u00e7\u00e3o causal e os mecanismos potenciais ainda precisam ser determinados.  Objetivos: Investigar sistematicamente a rela\u00e7\u00e3o causal entre o tempo de exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de televis\u00e3o, doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares e mecanismos potenciais.  M\u00e9todos: Realizamos uma an\u00e1lise de randomiza\u00e7\u00e3o mendeliana (RM) de duas amostras para estimar associa\u00e7\u00f5es causais com doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares e biomarcadores de risco cardiometab\u00f3lico. O m\u00e9todo aleat\u00f3rio ponderado pela vari\u00e2ncia inversa foi utilizado como estimativa prim\u00e1ria. Para contabilizar m\u00faltiplas compara\u00e7\u00f5es, um valor P de corre\u00e7\u00e3o de Bonferroni para doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares e biomarcadores de risco cardiometab\u00f3lico foi 0,0045 e 0,0024, respectivamente.  Resultados: O tempo de visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de televis\u00e3o geneticamente instrumentado foi associado a riscos mais elevados de diabetes tipo 2 (odd ratio [OR]=2,51; intervalo de confian\u00e7a [IC] de 95%: 1,89-3,33; p&lt;0,00001), hipertens\u00e3o (OR=2,11; IC 95%: 1,67-2,66; p&lt;0,00001), doen\u00e7a coronariana (OR=1,53; IC 95%: 1,23-1,91; p=0,00015) e insufici\u00eancia card\u00edaca (OR=1,42; IC 95%: 1,18-1,70; p=0,00017). Evid\u00eancias sugestivas de associa\u00e7\u00f5es prejudiciais tamb\u00e9m foram observadas para doen\u00e7a arterial perif\u00e9rica (OR=1,58; IC 95%: 1,07-2,34; p=0,02253) e acidente vascular cerebral isqu\u00eamico (OR=1,34; IC 95%: 1,10-1,63; p=0,00328). Biomarcadores de risco cardiometab\u00f3lico, incluindo interleucina 10, leptina, adiposo visceral, adiposo subcut\u00e2neo abdominal, gordura hep\u00e1tica, \u00edndice de massa corporal, circunfer\u00eancia da cintura, triglicer\u00eddeos e prote\u00edna C reativa, estavam aumentados. A press\u00e3o arterial sist\u00f3lica, a frequ\u00eancia card\u00edaca, a lipoprote\u00edna de baixa densidade e o colesterol total foram potencialmente aumentados, enquanto a lipoprote\u00edna de alta densidade diminuiu. No entanto, o tempo de visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o da televis\u00e3o n\u00e3o teve efeito sobre o tromboembolismo venoso ou a embolia pulmonar.  Conclus\u00e3o: O tempo de exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de televis\u00e3o foi causalmente associado ao aumento do risco de doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares, o que pode ser explicado por mecanismos metab\u00f3licos e inflamat\u00f3rios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20230796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T11:23:21Z","timestamp":1730460201000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rela\u00e7\u00e3o Causal entre Tempo de Exibi\u00e7\u00e3o de Televis\u00e3o, Doen\u00e7as Cardiovasculares e Mecanismos Potenciais"],"prefix":"10.36660","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0473-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengjin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinggang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunlin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuejin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"22636","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0493","article-title":"Deleterious Associations of Sitting Time and Television Viewing Time with Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers: Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study 2004-2005","volume":"33","author":"Thorp AA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.812","article-title":"Television Viewing and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-cause Mortality: A Meta-analysis","volume":"305","author":"Gr\u00f8ntved A","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181607421","article-title":"Television Time and Continuous Metabolic Risk in Physically Active Adults","volume":"40","author":"Healy GN","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.894824","article-title":"Television Viewing Time and Mortality: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)","volume":"121","author":"Dunstan DW","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization: Using Genes as Instruments for Making Causal Inferences in Epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor DA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-5-68","article-title":"Television, Physical Activity, Diet, and Body Weight Status: The ARIC Cohort","volume":"5","author":"Meyer AM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17219","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization","volume":"318","author":"Emdin CA","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK Biobank: An Open Access Resource for Identifying the Causes of a Wide Range of Complex Diseases of Middle and Old Age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow C","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000559","article-title":"Sensitivity Analyses for Robust Causal Inference from Mendelian Randomization Analyses with Multiple Genetic Variants","volume":"28","author":"Burgess S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization with Invalid Instruments: Effect Estimation and Bias Detection Through Egger Regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2358-3","article-title":"Early Adulthood Television Viewing and Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in Early Middle Age: Results from a Population, Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"55","author":"Stamatakis E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-212739","article-title":"Association between TV Viewing and Heart Disease Mortality: Observational Study Using Negative Control Outcome","volume":"74","author":"Hamer M","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-98","article-title":"Systematic Review of Sedentary Behaviour and Health Indicators in School-aged Children and Youth","volume":"8","author":"Tremblay MS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15553-w","article-title":"Genome-wide Association Studies and Mendelian Randomization Analyses for Leisure Sedentary Behaviours","volume":"11","author":"van de Vegte YJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757388","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.757388","article-title":"Genetic Liability to Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Stroke, Its Subtypes and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"13","author":"Yang F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014399","article-title":"Priming Effects of Television Food Advertising on Eating Behavior","volume":"28","author":"Harris JL","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.11.017","article-title":"Circadian Regulation of Glucose, Lipid, and Energy Metabolism in Humans","volume":"84","author":"Poggiogalle E","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.045591","article-title":"Suppression of Skeletal Muscle Lipoprotein Lipase Activity During Physical Inactivity: A Molecular Reason to Maintain Daily Low-intensity Activity","volume":"551","author":"Bey L","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2011","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Human Visceral Obesity: An Update","volume":"93","author":"Tchernof A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.065","article-title":"Screen-based Entertainment Time, All-cause Mortality, and Cardiovascular Events: Population-based Study with Ongoing Mortality and Hospital Events Follow-up","volume":"57","author":"Stamatakis E","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001317","article-title":"Television Viewing Time and Inflammatory-related Mortality","volume":"49","author":"Grace MS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"10051","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30370-1","article-title":"Does Physical Activity Attenuate, or Even Eliminate, the Detrimental Association of Sitting Time with Mortality? A Harmonised Meta-analysis of Data from More than 1 Million Men and Women","volume":"388","author":"Ekelund U","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012657","article-title":"Associations of Leisure-time Physical Activity and Television Viewing with Life Expectancy Free of Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease: The ARIC Study","volume":"8","author":"Cuthbertson CC","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00978.2012","article-title":"Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression","volume":"114","author":"Latouche C","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2046","article-title":"Breaks in Sedentary Time: Beneficial Associations with Metabolic Risk","volume":"31","author":"Healy GN","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.423","article-title":"Committee on Public Education. American Academy of Pediatrics: Children, Adolescents, and Television","volume":"107","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-132","article-title":"It's Not Just the Television: Survey Analysis of Sedentary Behaviour in New Zealand Young People","volume":"8","author":"Foley LS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.732","article-title":"Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012","volume":"311","author":"Ogden CL","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010406","article-title":"Types of Sedentary Behavior and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study","volume":"8","author":"Garcia JM","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"}],"container-title":["Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia"],"original-title":["Causal Relationship between Television Viewing Time, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Potential Mechanisms"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/abccardiol.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/articles_xml\/0066-782X-abc-121-10-e20230796\/0066-782X-abc-121-10-e20230796.x81990.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T11:23:28Z","timestamp":1730460208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/abccardiol.org\/article\/relacao-causal-entre-tempo-de-exibicao-de-televisao-doencas-cardiovasculares-e-mecanismos-potenciais\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"alternative-id":["S0066-782X2024001000304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36660\/abc.20230796","relation":{"is-translation-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36660\/abc.20230796i","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36660\/abc.20230796i","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1678-4170","0066-782X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4170","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0066-782X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e20230796"}}