{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:15:59Z","timestamp":1788383759935,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"ALUNA","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: To the aim of our study is to draw attention to the need to take into account HIV infection and its complications, such as CNS toxoplasmosis, in the differential diagnosis of people presenting with impaired consciousness. We analyzed our patient\u2019s medical records and available statistical data on HIV infection, as well as literature on nervous system involvement in the course of AIDS. Materials and Methods: In our paper, we present the case of a 43-year-old male who was admitted to a neurological ward due to impaired consciousness. Diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests were conducted, and patient was diagnosed with toxoplasmosis in the course of AIDS. \nConclusions: HIV infection is a global public health problem. In the absence or ineffectiveness of treatment, it leads to profound immunodeficiency and, consequently, opportunistic infections. One of them is the reactivation of the latent Toxoplasma gondii infection. It is the most common cause of extensive cerebral lesions in patients infected with the HIV virus. In these cases, MRI reveals numerous scattered ring-enhancing lesions. The symptoms are non-specific: headaches, impaired consciousness, convulsions, behavioral changes, and focal neurological deficits. The onset of neurological symptoms may be the first clinically relevant manifestation of AIDS. It is key to diagnose such patients as soon as possible and treat them accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36740\/merkur202306112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T19:59:36Z","timestamp":1705003176000},"page":"654-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CEREBRAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN THE COURSE OF HIV INFECTION \u2013 CASE STUDY"],"prefix":"10.36740","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Podulka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT WITH STROKE UNIT, 5TH MILITARY CLINICAL HOSPITAL WITH POLYCLINIC IN CRACOW, CRACOW, POLAND"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Klus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT WITH STROKE UNIT, 5TH MILITARY CLINICAL HOSPITAL WITH POLYCLINIC IN CRACOW, CRACOW, POLAND"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22436","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1. Castro KG, Ward JW, Slutsker L. 1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults. Centers for Disease Control 1993. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/00018871.htm [date access: 30.08.2023]","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/24.5.286"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"2. Global HIV & AIDS statistics - Fact sheet, UNAIDS. https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet [date access: 30.08.2023]"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"3. NFZ o zdrowiu HIV\/AIDS 2022. Centrala Narodowego Funduszu Zdrowia Departament Analiz i Innowacji. https:\/\/ezdrowie.gov.pl\/pobierz\/raport-nfz-o-zdrowiu-hiv-aids [data access: 30.08.2023]"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"4. Nied\u017awiedzka-Stadnik M, Nowakowska-Radziwonka E. Zaka\u017cenia HIV i zachorowania na AIDS w Polsce w latach 1986-2021. Zak\u0142ad Epidemiologii Chor\u00f3b Zaka\u017anych i Nadzoru, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. http:\/\/wwwold.pzh.gov.pl\/oldpage\/epimeld\/hiv_aids\/index.htm [date access: 30.08.2023] (Polish)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"5. Hernandez Fustes OJ, Arteaga Rodriguez C. Neurological Manifestations of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Cureus 2020;12(9):e10449. doi: 10.7759\/cureus.10449.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.10449"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"6. Thakur KT, Boubour A, Saylor D, et al. Global HIV neurology: a comprehensive review. AIDS 2019;33(2):163-84. doi: 10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001796.","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000001796"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Halonen S, Weiss LM. Toxoplasmosis. Handb Clin Neurol 2013;114:125-145.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53490-3.00008-X"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"8. Cook AJ, Gilbert RE, Buffolano W, et al. Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study. European Research Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis. BMJ 2000;321:142-147.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7254.142"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"9. Olariu TR, Remington JS, McLeod R et al. Severe congenital toxoplasmosis in the United States: clinical and serologic findings in untreated infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011 Dec;30(12):1056-1061. doi: 10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182343096.","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0b013e3182343096"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"10. Hill D, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002;8(10):634-640.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"11. Vidal JE. HIV-Related Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Revisited: Current Concepts and Controversies of an Old Disease. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2019;18:2325958219867315. doi: 10.1177\/2325958219867315.","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958219867315"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12. Telles JPM, Vidal JE. Cerebral toxoplasmosis with neurological co-infection in people living with AIDS\/HIV: results of a prospective cohort in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2023 Jan;81(1):33-39. doi: 10.1055\/s-0042-1759758.1759758.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1759758"}],"container-title":["Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T19:59:41Z","timestamp":1705003181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/polskimerkuriuszlekarski.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/library\/PolMerkurLek2023i6.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36740\/merkur202306112","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1426-9686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1426-9686","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}