{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:12:38Z","timestamp":1789578758868,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ALUNA","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wiadomo\u015bci Lekarskie"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: To investigate the features of changes in serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels in patients with T2DM depending on the presence or absence of retinal damage.\nMaterials and Methods: We observed 77 patients with T2DM. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 45 patients with T2DM and diabetic\nretinopathy (DR), group 2 included 32 patients with T2DM without DR. The level of Hcy concentration and B vitamins (vitamin B1, B6, B9, B12) was determined\nin blood serum.\nResults: Proliferative and preproliferative stages of DR were more frequently detected in the examined patients with T2DM (in 44.4% and 26.7% of patients,\nrespectively). Proliferative retinopathy with complications was diagnosed in 17.8% of patients, while nonproliferative retinopathy with maculopathy was\ndiagnosed only 11.1% of cases. In patients of both groups, a decrease in the levels of B vitamins in the blood serum was detected, which was detected against\nthe background of an increase in the level of homocysteine in the blood serum in these patients.\nConclusions: In patients with type 2 diabetes and DR, a decrease in the level of B vitamins was found against the background of an increased concentration\nof homocysteine (43.5\u00b10.9 mkmol\/l \u2013 p&lt;0.001) in the blood serum, which proportionally increases with the progression of retinal damage in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36740\/wlek\/213600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:12:29Z","timestamp":1765541549000},"page":"2095-2100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hyperhomocysteinemia \u2013 an early marker of retinal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.36740","author":[{"given":"Yelyzaveta S.","family":"Sirchak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliona V.","family":"Stoika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica S.","family":"Dobryanska (Opalenyk)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelli V.","family":"Bedey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan I.","family":"Pushkash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliia V.","family":"Holosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22436","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"container-title":["Wiadomo\u015bci Lekarskie"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wiadomoscilekarskie.pl\/pdf-213600-133149","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wiadomoscilekarskie.pl\/pdf-213600-133149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:12:34Z","timestamp":1765541554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wiadomoscilekarskie.pl\/Hyperhomocysteinemia-an-early-marker-of-retinal-damage-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes,213600,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["213600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36740\/wlek\/213600","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5147","2719-342X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5147","type":"print"},{"value":"2719-342X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}}}