{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T19:23:51Z","timestamp":1767900231293,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ALUNA","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wiadomo\u015bci Lekarskie"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: To determine the concentrations of interleukins (IL1\u00df, IL4, IL6, IL8) in the aqueous humor and their association with diabetic retinop\nathy\nseverity.\nMaterials and Methods: Singlecenter crosssectional study with prospective sampling of 110 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus spanning five categories of\ndiabetic retinopathy and 25 nondiabetic controls. Aqueous humor (0.1 mL) obtained during phacoemulsification was analyzed by ELISA. Nonparametric tests\nassessed group differences; optimal thresholds were derived by multiclass onevsall ROC-analysis, followed by clinically relevant binary stratification (mild\/\nmoderate vs severe DR). Spearman rank correlations evaluated relationships with age, diabetes duration, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and Cpeptide.\nResults: All interleukins differed between groups (p &lt; 0.001). IL1\u00df and IL6 increased with stage; IL8 peaked at severe nonproliferative disease and declined in\nproliferative disease; IL4 decreased. Multiclass accuracies were modest: 56%, 58%, 53%, and 44% for IL-6, IL8, IL1\u00df, and IL4. In the binary model, IL6 achieved\n72.6% accuracy (95% CI 64.3-79.9), with cutoffs of 34.4-86.2 and &gt;86.2 pg\/mL for mild\/moderate and severe disease. IL8 was supportive (62.2%; severe\n&gt;216.9 pg\/mL). IL1\u00df and IL4 each yielded about 55.6%. Correlations were weak to moderate: IL6 and IL8 tracked diabetes duration and glycemia, while IL4\ninversely tracked Cpeptide.\nConclusions: IL6 is the most informative single local biomarker for binary severity stratification of diabetic retinopathy, with IL8 as an adjunct and IL1\u00df\/ IL4 of\nlimited standalone value. IL6 thresholds may guide riskadapted followup and monitoring with optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography\nangiography. External validation, preanalytical standardization, and prospective outcome studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36740\/wlek\/214772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T15:26:17Z","timestamp":1767885977000},"page":"2251-2262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interleukins (IL-1\u03b2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8) in Aqueous Humor as Potential Biomarkers of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity"],"prefix":"10.36740","author":[{"given":"Oksana V.","family":"Petrenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetyana V.","family":"Lytvynenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mykola S.","family":"Babenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergiy V.","family":"Ziablitsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"22436","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"container-title":["Wiadomo\u015bci Lekarskie"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wiadomoscilekarskie.pl\/pdf-214772-133862","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wiadomoscilekarskie.pl\/pdf-214772-133862","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T15:26:18Z","timestamp":1767885978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wiadomoscilekarskie.pl\/Interleukins-IL-1-IL-4-IL-6-and-IL-8-in-Aqueous-Humor-as-Potential-Biomarkers-of,214772,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["214772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36740\/wlek\/214772","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5147","2719-342X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5147","type":"print"},{"value":"2719-342X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]}}}