{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T02:56:33Z","timestamp":1769914593368,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"ALUNA","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wiad Lek"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions in neurology is one of the most difficult problems. Particular difficulties are caused by differential diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal states. There are no absolutely pathognomonic signs of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. False positive diagnosis of epilepsy occurs in 2-71% of cases. Diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions requires an integrated approach to the problem and includes not only a clinical examination, but also a thorough history taking, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, laboratory research methods, involves the involvement of other specialists. The article presents a clinical case of 27-year-old young man who was initially misdiagnosed. Using the methods of functional and laboratory diagnostics, the patient was diagnosed correctly. Instead of idiopathic epilepsy, he was diagnosed with cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs-syndrome associated with an infectious process) with motor paroxysms of non-epileptic genesis. Thus, using the example of this clinical case, it has been shown that the differential diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal states presents significant difficulties for a practicing neurologist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36740\/wlek202204127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T12:43:44Z","timestamp":1653482624000},"page":"907-913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PAROXYSMAL STATES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF A CLINICAL CASE ON THE EXAMPLE OF CLOCCS-SYNDROME IN A YOUNG MAN"],"prefix":"10.36740","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Voitiuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KHARKIV MEDICAL ACADEMY OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION, KHARKIV, UKRAINE; MEDICAL CENTRE \u201cNEURON\u201d, KHARKIV, UKRAINE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetyana A.","family":"Litovchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KHARKIV MEDICAL ACADEMY OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION, KHARKIV, UKRAINE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olena N.","family":"Borodai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KHARKIV MEDICAL ACADEMY OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION, KHARKIV, UKRAINE; KHARKIV MILITARY HOSPITAL OF NORTH REGION, KHARKIV, UKRAINE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nataliia A.","family":"Rudkivska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KHARKIV MILITARY HOSPITAL OF NORTH REGION, KHARKIV, UKRAINE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"22436","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1. 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Seizure. 2012;21:491.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.04.015"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"16. Mra\u010dkov\u00e1 J., Tup\u00fd R., Rohan V. et al. Cytotoxick\u00e9 l\u00e9ze corpus callosum (CLOCCs). Cesk Slov Neurol N. 2020; 83\/116(4): 347\u2013352. doi: 10.14735\/amcsnn2020347.","DOI":"10.14735\/amcsnn2020347"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"17. Morozov D. V., Morozova E. A. Idiopaticheskie fokal\u2019nye epilepsii s dobrokachestvennymi epileptiformnymi patternami detstva. Komorbidnost\u2019 i iskhody [Idiopathic focal epilepsy with benign childhood epileptiform patterns. Comorbidity and outcomes]. Prakticheskaya medicina. 2017; 1 (1): 123\u2013126."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"1. Guzeva V. I. Epilepsiya i neepilepticheskie paroksizmal\u2019nye sostoyaniya u detej: monografiya [Epilepsy and non-epileptic paroxysmal states in children: monography]. M. 2007, 568p. (in Russian)"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"2. Karlov V. A. Epilepsiya u detej i vzroslyh zhenshchin i muzhchin [Epilepsy in children and women and men]. \u041c.. 2010, 717p. (in Russian)"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"3. Dubenko A. E., Korostij V. I. Diagnostika i terapiya nepsihoticheskih psihicheskih rasstrojstv u bol\u2019nyh epilepsiej [Diagnosis and therapy of non-psychotic mental disorders in patients with epilepsy]. Zdorov\u2019e Ukrainy. Tematicheskij nomer \u00abNevrologiya. Psihiatriya\u00bb. 2011; 1 (16): 54-57. (in Russian)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Ajvazyan S. O. Neepilepticheskie paroksizmal\u2019nye sostoyaniya,  imitiruyushchie epilepsiyu [Non-epileptic paroxysmal states that mimicepilepsy]. Epilepsiya i paroksizmal\u2019nye sostoyaniya, 2016; 4:23\u201333. (in Russian)","DOI":"10.17749\/2077-8333.2016.8.4.023-033"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"5. Panayiotopoulos C.P. A Clinical Guide to Epileptic Syndromes and their Treatment. 2nd ed. London: Springer. 2007, 401p."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"6. Litovchenko T. A. Differencial\u2019naya diagnostika epilepticheskih pripadkov  i sinkopal\u2019nyh pristupov [Differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures and syncopal seizures]. Mezhdunarodnyj nevrologicheskij zhurnal, 2010;4:34. (in Russian)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"7. Xu Y., Nguyen D., Mohamed A. et al. Frequency of a false positive diagnosis of epilepsy: A systematic review of observational studies. Seizure. 2016; 41: 167\u2013174. doi: 10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.08.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.08.005"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"8. Vlasov P. N. Differencial\u2019naya diagnostika osnovnyh paroksizmal\u2019nyh sostoyanij v praktike nevrologa i terapevta [Differential diagnosis of the main paroxysmal conditions in the practice of a neurologist and therapist]. Farmateka, 2008;15:72-78. (in Russian)"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"9. Kim S.S., Chang K.H., Kim S.T. et al. Focal lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum in epileptic patients: antiepileptic drug toxicity? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2019;20(1): 125\u2013129."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"10. Verrotti A., Basciani F., Trotta D. et al. Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on interleukins-1, -2 and -6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Clin\u0448 Exp Med. 2001;1(3):133\u2013136.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-001-8024-1"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"11. Kallenberg K., Bailey D.M., Christ S. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of cytotoxic cerebral edema in acute mountain sickness. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007;27(5):1064\u20131071.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600404"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12. Perov R.I., Khakimova A.R., Popova N.A. Mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial corpus callosum lesion: literature review and case report in urgent neurologic clinical practice. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2018; 11 (5): 109\u2013114. doi: 10.20969\/VSKM.2018.11(5).109-114.","DOI":"10.20969\/vskm.2018.11(5).109-114"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"13. Muhin K. Yu., Petruhin A. S., Mironov M. B. Epilepticheskie sindromy. Diagnostika i terapiya. M. 2008, 223p. (in Russian)"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"14. Zenkov L. R. Klinicheskaya epileptologiya [Clinical epileptology]. \u041c. 2003, 368p. (in Russian)"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"15. Faulkner H.J., Arima H., Mohamed A. The utility of prolonged outpatient ambulatory EEG. Seizure. 2012;21:491.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.04.015"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"16. Mra\u010dkov\u00e1 J., Tup\u00fd R., Rohan V. et al. Cytotoxick\u00e9 l\u00e9ze corpus callosum (CLOCCs). Cesk Slov Neurol N. 2020; 83\/116(4): 347\u2013352. doi: 10.14735\/amcsnn2020347.","DOI":"10.14735\/amcsnn2020347"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"17. Morozov D. V., Morozova E. A. Idiopaticheskie fokal\u2019nye epilepsii s dobrokachestvennymi epileptiformnymi patternami detstva. Komorbidnost\u2019 i iskhody [Idiopathic focal epilepsy with benign childhood epileptiform patterns. Comorbidity and outcomes]. Prakticheskaya medicina. 2017; 1 (1): 123\u2013126."}],"container-title":["Wiadomo\u015bci Lekarskie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T12:43:59Z","timestamp":1653482639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wiadlek.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/archive\/2022\/04\/WLek202204127.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36740\/wlek202204127","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5147","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}