{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T10:59:29Z","timestamp":1756810769297},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"ALUNA","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wiad Lek"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim: To pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct medical costs for self-control of diabetes in Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. Our observational, cross-sectional study aims at finding out the real costs of covering expenses in order to make decisions on the reimbursement of self-control means. \nMaterials and methods: 1) International and national clinical guidelines for diabetes; 2) information about the prices of glucometers, test strips from online pharmacy services. Systematization, generalization and pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct medical costs were used in the study. \nResults: Based on the generalization of recommendations on the frequency of blood glucose control, 3 scenarios were identified, according to which the costs were calculated: Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes (insulin therapy); Type 2 diabetes (oral hypoglycemic therapy). The authors conducted pharmacoeconomic analysis of direct medical costs for self-control of DM for PWD in Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. The study shows that the lowest cost of self-control is provided in Ukraine, in addition, Ukraine has a wider choice of glucometers and test strips. It was revealed that the pharmaceutical markets for glycometers in the three countries depends on the import of equipment. \nConclusions: It is advisable to introduce in Ukraine the reimbursement of self-control devices, namely, glucometers and test strips for all categories of PWD, which will contribute to self-control and, as a result, will be able to prevent the development of complications. Certification of continuous glucose monitoring systems will increase access to new technologies that are already widely used in many countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36740\/wlek202205110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T15:35:42Z","timestamp":1656344142000},"page":"1105-1110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["COMPARATIVE PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SELF-CONTROL OF DIABETES MELLITUS USING GLUCOMETERS"],"prefix":"10.36740","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Iryna O.","family":"Vlasenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SHUPYK NATIONAL HEALTHCARE UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia A.","family":"Babileva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MINISTRY OF HEALTH, CHISINAU, REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramaz B.","family":"Kurashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR DIABETES RESEARCH, TBILISSI, GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena L.","family":"Davtian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SHUPYK NATIONAL HEALTHCARE UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"22436","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1. International diabetes federation Diabetes Atlas. 10th edition. http:\/\/ www. diabetesatlas.org [date access 18.09.2021]."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"2. Bommer \u0421., Sagalova V., Heesemann E. et al. Global Economic Burden of Diabetes in Adults: Projections From 2015 to 2030. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:963\u2013970. doi:10.2337\/dc17-1962.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1962"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3. Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Research Group, Design, implementation, and preliminary results of a long-term follow-up of the diabetes control and complications trial cohort. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(1):99\u2013111. doi: 10.2337\/ diacare.22.1.99.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.1.99"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"4. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulindependent diabetes mellitus. E Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977\u2013986. doi: 10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401.","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199309303291401"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"5. Neborachko M., Pkhakadze A., Vlasenko I. Current trends of digital solutions for diabetes management. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2018;12(4):2997\u20133003. doi: 10.1016\/j. dsx.2018.07.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.07.014"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"6. Hellmund R., Weitgasser R., Blissett D. Cost calculation for a flash glucose monitoring system for UK adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus receiving intensive insulin treatment. Practice. 2018;138:193\u2013200. doi: 10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.01.028.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.01.028"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"7. Kovalov A., Vereshchak T., Shtepa A. Analiz systemy likuvannia ta rozrakhunok ekonomichnykh vtrat vid tsukrovoho diabetu v Ukraini [Analysis of the treatment system and calculation of economic losses from diabetes in Ukraine]. Diabetes. Obesity. Metabolic syndrome. 2020;6:45\u201362. (In Ukrainian)."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"8. Kozhan N. Statystyka shchodo tsukrovoho diabetu: chomu Ukraini narazi neobkhidni obiektyvni dani? [Diabetes statistics: why does Ukraine need objective data now?]. Pharmacy. 2020;44:11. (In Ukrainian)."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"9. \u015eeremet A., Casian V., Alexa Z. et at. Epidemiologia diabetului zaharat \u00een Republica Moldova: realitate \u0219i perspective. S\u0103n\u0103tate Public\u0103, Economie \u015fi Management \u00een Medicin\u0103. 2019;3(81):79\u201382.","DOI":"10.31926\/jmb.2019.2.10"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"10. WHO. Diabetes Georgia 2016 country profile. https:\/\/www.euro.who. int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0018\/353025\/20171030-Georgia-Profile-of-Health.pdf [date access 18.09.2021]."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"11. Yakovlieva L.V., Bezditko N.V., Herasymova O.O. et al. Farmakoekonomika: Navchalnyi posibnyk dlia studentiv vuziv [Pharmacoeconomics: A textbook for university students]. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha. 2009, 103p. (In Ukrainian)."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Vlasenko I.O., Davtyan L.L. Comparative analysis of glucometers assortment on the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market for the decade (2011\u20132021). Pharm. Review. 2021;3:29\u201336. doi: 10.11603\/2312- 0967.2021.3.12388.","DOI":"10.11603\/2312-0967.2021.3.12388"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"13. Unifikovanyi klinichnyi protokol pervynnoi, ekstrenoi, vtorynnoi (spetsializovanoi) ta tretynnoi (vysokospetsializovanoi) medychnoi dopomohy tsukrovyi diabet 1 typu u molodykh liudei ta doroslykh [Unified clinical protocol of primary, emergency, secondary (specialized) and tertiary (highly specialized) medical care type 1 diabetes mellitus in young people and adults]. https:\/\/www.dec.gov.ua\/wp-content\/ uploads\/2019\/11\/2014_1021_ykpmd_cd1_dor.pdf [date access 18.09.2021]. (In Ukrainian).","DOI":"10.37987\/1997-9894.2017.2(208).221937"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"14. Haak T., Hanaire H., Ajjan R. et al. Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8:55\u201373.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-016-0223-6"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"15. IDF European Region \u00abA Guide to type 1 (insulin-dependent) Diabetes Melitus\u00bb. European Diabetes Policy Group. 1998. www. diabetesguidelines.com\/health\/dwk\/pro\/guidelines\/type1\/index.asp [date access 18.09.2021]."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"16. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management; 2021. www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ ng17 [date access 18.09.2021]."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes \u2013 2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(1):1\u2013232.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-Srev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"18. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes \u2013 2017: summary of revisions. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:4\u20135. doi: 10.2337\/dc17-S003.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-er07c"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"19. Pravitel\u2019stvo Respubliki Moldova Postanovlenie \u21161030 ot 30.11.2017. Nacional\u2019naya programma po profilaktike i kontrolyu sakharnogo diabeta na 2017-2021 gody [National program for the prevention and control of diabetes for 2017-2021]. https:\/\/www.legis.md\/cautare\/getResults?doc_ id=101734&lang=ro [date access 18.09.2021]. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"20. Ministerul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii, muncii \u0219i protec\u021biei sociale al Republicii Moldova Diabetul zaharat necomplicat Protocol clinic na\u0163ional PCN-33, 2019. https:\/\/msmps.gov.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/PCN-33-DZ.pdf [date access 18.09.2021].","DOI":"10.36004\/nier.cdr.2021.978-9975-3486-3-8"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"21. Dedov \u0406., Shestakova M., Majorov A. Klinicheskie rekomendacii MZ RF. Algoritmy specializirovannoj medicinskoj pomoshchi bol\u2019nym sakharnym [Algorithms of specialized medical care for diabetics]. Moskva: UP PRINT; 2019, 41p. (In Russian)."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"22. International Diabetes Federation. Managing older people with Type 2 Diabetes. Global Guideline. Brussels: IDF. 2013, 34p."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"23. Unifikovanyi klinichnyi protokol pervynnoi ta vtorynnoi (spetsializovanoi) medychnoi dopomohy tsukrovyi diabet 2 typu [Unified clinical protocol of primary and secondary (specialized) medical care type 2 diabetes mellitus]. https:\/\/www.dec.gov.ua\/wp-content\/ uploads\/2019\/11\/2012_1118ykpmd.pdf [date access 18.09.2021]."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"24. IDF \u00abGuideline on Self-Monitoring of Blood Gloocose in Non-Insulin treated Type 2 Diabetes\u00bb. Brussels: IDF. 2009, 55p."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"25. International Diabetes Federation. Global Guideline for Type 2 diabetes. https:\/\/www.iapb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-Guideline-for- Type-2-Diabetes-IDF-2012.pdf [date access 18.09.2021]."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"26. Yakovleva O. S. Farmakoekonomika u pytanniakh ta vidpovidiakh: navch. posib. dlia provizoriv interniv [Pharmacoeconomics in questions and answers: textbook. way. for pharmacists interns]. Zaporizhzhia: ZDMU. 2015, 88p."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"27. Diabetes in Europe \u2013 Policy Puzzle. idf.org\/our-network\/regions-members\/europe\/publications-and-resources.html [date access 18.09.2021]."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"28. Popovich L.D., Shestakova M.V., Potapchik E.G. et al. Vygodno li gosudarstvu obespechivat\u2019 bolnykh sakharnym diabetom, nakhodyashchikhsya na insulinoterapii, sredstvami dlya provedeniya samokontrolya urovnya glyukozy krovi po normativnym potrebnostyam? [Is it profitable for the state to provide patients with diabetes mellitus who are on insulin therapy with the means to self-monitor blood glucose levels according to regulatory needs?]. Diabetes mellitus. 2017;20(2):108\u2013118. doi: 10.14341\/7077 (In Russian).","DOI":"10.14341\/7077"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"29. Vogler S., Paris V., Ferrario A. et al. How Can Pricing and Reimbursement Policies Improve Affordable Access to Medicines? Lessons Learned from European Countries. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15(3):307\u2013 321. doi: 10.1007\/s40258-016-0300-z.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-016-0300-z"}],"container-title":["Wiadomo\u015bci Lekarskie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T15:35:59Z","timestamp":1656344159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wiadlek.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/archive\/2022\/05\/WLek202205110.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36740\/wlek202205110","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5147","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}