{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:12:16Z","timestamp":1789823536638,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple myeloma is a haematologic malignancy characterised by the proliferation of plasma cells and typically presents with lesions in bone, known as plasmacytomas. Through haematogenous spread, extramedullary plasmacytomas can develop in soft tissue in any location of the body. This case report describes a patient with multiple myeloma who presented with an extramedullary plasmacytoma on his maxillary gingiva and provides an updated review on the classification and characterisation of extramedullary plasmacytomas of the oral cavity. A 53-year-old male with a known diagnosis of multiple myeloma was referred to our clinic for evaluation of a gingival nodule, which was tender to palpation and had been present for a month. Clinical examination revealed a 1.5 cm violaceous, red nodule of the maxillary buccal attached gingiva, which did not blanch on palpation. He had a similar 1 cm, smooth, red nodule of his cutaneous skin on his left arm. Radiographic examination was within normal limits without evidence of dental or bony pathology. An incisional biopsy revealed the diagnosis of plasmacytoma, indicating relapse and progression of the patient\u2019s multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma can present in the oral cavity either as intrabony plasmacytomas, paraskeletal plasmacytomas or extramedullary plasmacytomas in the soft tissue. Extramedullary disease representative of haematogenous spread is concerning for high-risk disease with a poor risk prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.37029\/jcas.v7i2.417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T09:09:51Z","timestamp":1626426591000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extramedullary Plasmacytomas of the Oral Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Roxanne","family":"Bavarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , United States"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity , Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel S.","family":"Treister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity , Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts , United States"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Dentistry , Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71:7-33.","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_002","unstructured":"Rosi\u00f1ol L, Beksac M, Zamagni E, Van de Donk NW, Anderson KC, Badros A, et al. Expert review on soft-tissue plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma: definition, disease assessment and treatment considerations. Br J Haematol 2021. doi: 10.1111\/ bjh.17338. Epub ahead of print."},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Billecke L, Penas EM, May AM, Engelhardt M, Nagler A, Leiba M, et al. Cytogenetics of extramedullary manifestations in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2013;161:87-94.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12223"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasche L, Bernard C, Topp MS, Kapp M, Duell J, Wesemeier C, et al. Features of extramedullary myeloma relapse: High proliferation, minimal marrow involvement, adverse cytogenetics: A retrospective single-center study of 24 cases. Ann Hematol 2012;91:1031-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-012-1414-5"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shetty P, Lobo FD, Arvind R, Shetty SS. Oral extramedullary plasmacytoma in a HIV positive patient. Oral Oncol 2017;64:e4-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2016.11.007"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trivedi S, Dixit J, Goel MM. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the gingiva. BMJ Case Rep 2016;2016:211606.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-211606"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mumtaz S. Plasmacytoma. Oral Oncol 2018;82:196-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.05.009"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han JH, Woo YJ, Kang H, Kim JE. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma mimicking oral lichen planus. Eur J Dermatol 2017;27:533-4.","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2017.3061"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basile FG, Shi M, Sullivan M. Solitary plasmacytoma of the uvula. Am J Hematol 2014;89:660-1.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23681"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lalla F, Vinciguerra A, Lissoni A, Arrigoni G, Luce FL, Abati S. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma presenting as asymptomatic palatal erythroplakia: Report of a case. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:3762.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073762"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raje N, Berdeja J, Lin Y, Siegel D, Jagannath S, Madduri D, et al. Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy bb2121 in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1726-37.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817226"},{"key":"2026091912311871722_j_jcas.v7i2.417_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen AD, Garfall AL, Stadtmauer EA, Melenhorst JJ, Lacey SF, Lancaster E, et al. B cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells are clinically active in multiple myeloma. J Clin Invest 2019;129:2210-21.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126397"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cancer and Allied Specialties"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sfu.ca\/jcas\/index.php\/jcas\/article\/download\/417\/443","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.37029\/jcas.v7i2.417","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:46:41Z","timestamp":1789822001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.37029\/jcas.v7i2.417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.37029\/jcas.v7i2.417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37029\/jcas.v7i2.417","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-989X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2411-989X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}}}