{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:51:57Z","timestamp":1791625917523,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["gxjzz"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.37188\/lam.2026.097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T09:30:39Z","timestamp":1781083839000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated digital metasurface-enabled agile wireless power transfer system"],"prefix":"10.37188","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"23217","reference":[{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, X. et al. Q. An active multi-beam antenna design method and its application for the future 6G satellite network. <i>Space: Science &amp; Technology<\/i> <b>4<\/b>, 0149 (2024).","DOI":"10.34133\/space.0149"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H. S. et al. Near-space communications: The last piece of 6G Space\u2013Air\u2013Ground\u2013Sea integrated network puzzle. <i>Space: Science &amp; Technology<\/i> <b>4<\/b>, 0176 (2024).","DOI":"10.34133\/space.0176"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu, W. D. et al. Collaborative energy and information transfer in green wireless sensor networks for smart cities. <i>IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics<\/i> <b>14<\/b>, 1585-1593 (2018).","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2777846"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trevisan, R. &amp; Costanzo, A. A UHF near-field link for passive sensing in industrial wireless power transfer systems. <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques<\/i> <b>64<\/b>, 1634-1643 (2016).","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2016.2544317"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, Y. H. et al. Integration of communication and navigation technologies toward LEO-enabled 6G networks: a survey. <i>Space: Science &amp; Technology<\/i> <b>3<\/b>, 0092 (2023).","DOI":"10.34133\/space.0092"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei, Z. D. et al. A hybrid RF and solar integrated energy harvesting system using optically transparent metasurface. <i>IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation<\/i> <b>73<\/b>, 920-927 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3514200"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, X. F. et al. A robust wireless power transfer system with self-alignment capability and controllable output current for automatic-guided vehicles. <i>IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics<\/i> <b>38<\/b>, 11898-11906 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2023.3297196"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, J. et al. Wireless power transfer and energy harvesting: current status and future prospects. <i>IEEE Wireless Communications<\/i> <b>26<\/b>, 163-169 (2019).","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800378"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. M. et al. Integration of onboard charger and wireless charging system for electric vehicles with shared coupler, compensation, and rectifier. <i>IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics<\/i> <b>70<\/b>, 7511-7514 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2022.3204857"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patil, D. et al. Wireless power transfer for vehicular applications: overview and challenges. <i>IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification<\/i> <b>4<\/b>, 3-37 (2018).","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2017.2780627"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, X. M., Ng, D. W. K. &amp; Chen, H. H. Secrecy wireless information and power transfer: challenges and opportunities. <i>IEEE Wireless Communications<\/i> <b>23<\/b>, 54-61 (2016).","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.2016.7462485"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, T. J. et al. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. <i>Light: Science &amp; Applications<\/i> <b>3<\/b>, e218 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/lsa.2014.99"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, X. D. et al. High-efficiency transmissive programmable metasurface for multimode OAM generation. <i>Advanced Optical Materials<\/i> <b>8<\/b>, 2000570 (2020).","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202000570"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J. R. et al. Multidimensional multiplexing geometric phase metaholography. <i>Light: Advanced Manufacturing<\/i> <b>6<\/b>, 474-485 (2025).","DOI":"10.37188\/lam.2025.064"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, X. D. et al. Radiation-type programmable metasurface for direct manipulation of electromagnetic emission. <i>Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews<\/i> <b>16<\/b>, 2200140 (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202200140"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, L. P. et al. Ultra-wideband transmissive programmable metasurface enabled near-field holography and far-field OAM generation. <i>Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews<\/i> <b>20<\/b>, e01020 (2026).","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202501020"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao, T. S. et al. Space-time-modulated radiation-type digital metasurface enabled smart jamming. <i>Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews<\/i> <b>20<\/b>, e01421 (2026).","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202501421"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L. &amp; Cui, T. J. Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces: principles and applications. <i>Research<\/i> <b>2021<\/b>, 9802673 (2021).","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/9802673"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, X. D. et al. Wideband radiation-type programmable metasurface-enabled high-precision beam modulating for IoT applications. <i>IEEE Internet of Things Journal<\/i> <b>12<\/b>, 28823-28834 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3568615"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou, J. F. et al. Metamaterials and metasurfaces for wireless power transfer and energy harvesting. <i>Proceedings of the IEEE<\/i> <b>110<\/b>, 31-55 (2022).","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2021.3127493"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, X. D. et al. Dynamic millimeter-wave OAM beam generation through programmable metasurface. <i>Nanophotonics<\/i> <b>11<\/b>, 1389-1399 (2022).","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2021-0790"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, Y. X. et al. Achiral light-controlled coding metasurfaces with multi-channel electromagnetic control. <i>Light: Advanced Manufacturing<\/i> <b>6<\/b>, 120-129 (2025).","DOI":"10.37188\/lam.2025.013"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cao, A. J. et al. Conformal radiation-type programmable metasurface for agile millimeter-wave orbital angular momentum generation. <i>Research<\/i> <b>8<\/b>, 0631 (2025).","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0631"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, Y. H. et al. Ka-Band cross-shaped reconfigurable metasurface antenna for agile beam modulation. <i>IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation<\/i> <b>73<\/b>, 6127-6132 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2025.3560764"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jo, S., Lee, W. &amp; Lee, H. Metasurface patch for wireless power transfer in implantable devices. <i>Advanced Functional Materials<\/i> <b>33<\/b>, 2300027 (2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202300027"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meng, Z. K. et al. Voice interactive information metasurface system for simultaneous wireless information transmission and power transfer. <i>npj Nanophotonics<\/i> <b>1<\/b>, 12 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s44310-024-00013-w"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, H. X. et al. Multitarget simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) scheme based on anisotropy-metasurface field synthesis. <i>IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation<\/i> <b>72<\/b>, 8466-8475 (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3456380"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Almeida, J. V. et al. Nonlinear metasurfaces for health-monitoring magnetic induction-based SWIPT base stations. <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques<\/i> <b>71<\/b>, 309-319 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2022.3187726"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Efficient wireless power transfer system integrating with metasurface for biological applications. <i>IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics<\/i> <b>65<\/b>, 3230-3239 (2018).","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2756580"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gong, S. Q. et al. Beamforming optimization for intelligent reflecting surface-aided SWIPT IoT networks relying on discrete phase shifts. <i>IEEE Internet of Things Journal<\/i> <b>8<\/b>, 8585-8602 (2021).","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3046929"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu, F. et al. Compact shared aperture metasurface with power splitting for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. <i>IEEE Internet of Things Journal<\/i> <b>12<\/b>, 14386-14397 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3526451"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xia, D. X. et al. Adaptive wireless-powered network based on CNN near-field positioning by a dual-band metasurface. <i>Nature Communications<\/i> <b>15<\/b>, 10358 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54800-2"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang, M. Y. et al. Tailless information\u2013energy metasurface. <i>Advanced Materials<\/i> <b>36<\/b>, 2313697 (2024).","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202313697"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. High-performance cost efficient simultaneous wireless information and power transfers deploying jointly modulated amplifying programmable metasurface. <i>Nature Communications<\/i> <b>14<\/b>, 6002 (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41763-z"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian, S. C. et al. Recent advances in metamaterials for simultaneous wireless information and power transmission. <i>Nanophotonics<\/i> <b>11<\/b>, 1697-1723 (2022).","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2021-0657"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chu, Z. Y. et al. On propagation loss for reconfigurable surface wave communications. <i>IEEE Transactions on Communications<\/i> <b>73<\/b>, 1547-1559 (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3454017"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Zhang, X. M. &amp; Li, L. An optically transparent metantenna for RF wireless energy harvesting. <i>IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation<\/i> <b>70<\/b>, 2550-2560 (2022).","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2021.3137166"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai, X. D. et al. Time-modulated transmissive programmable metasurface for low sidelobe beam scanning. <i>Research<\/i> <b>2022<\/b>, 9825903 (2022).","DOI":"10.34133\/2022\/9825903"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L. P. et al. Reconfigurable metasurface-driven pixel-wise visual cryptography for high-security dynamic encryption. <i>Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews<\/i> <b>20<\/b>, 02960 (2026).","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202502960"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-40","unstructured":"Wang, L. P. et al. Temporal integral holography with intelligent metasurface. <i>Photonics Research<\/i> <b>15<\/b>, 592257 (2026)."},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rotenberg, S. A. et al. Efficient rectifier for wireless power transmission systems. <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques<\/i> <b>68<\/b>, 1921-1932 (2020).","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2020.2968055"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, J. &amp; Clerckx, B. Wireless information and power transfer for IoT: pulse position modulation, integrated receiver, and experimental validation. <i>IEEE Internet of Things Journal<\/i> <b>9<\/b>, 12378-12394 (2022).","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3135712"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halimi, M. A. et al. Rectifier circuits for RF energy harvesting and wireless power transfer applications: a comprehensive review based on operating conditions. <i>IEEE Microwave Magazine<\/i> <b>24<\/b>, 46-61 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/mmm.2022.3211594"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aboualalaa, M., Mansour, I. &amp; Pokharel, R. K. Energy harvesting rectenna using high-gain triple-band antenna for powering internet-of-things (IoT) devices in a smart office. <i>IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement<\/i> <b>72<\/b>, 2001312 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/tim.2023.3238050"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zada, M. et al. Empowering remote patient monitoring with a dual-band implantable rectenna system for wireless power and data transfer. <i>IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation<\/i> <b>71<\/b>, 9509-9522 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2023.3319133"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar, M. et al. A planar integrated rectenna array with 3-D-spherical DC coverage for orientation-tolerant wireless-power-transfer-enabled IoT sensor nodes. <i>IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation<\/i> <b>71<\/b>, 1285-1294 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3228708"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Battistini, G. et al. A novel 3-D printed dual-port rectenna for simultaneous energy harvesting and backscattering of a passively generated UWB pulse. <i>IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques<\/i> <b>72<\/b>, 812-821 (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2023.3322744"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chou, H. T. et al. LTCC-based dual-polarized AiP module by multilayered cross-dipole antennas for 5G mobile terminal applications at 28 GHz Band. <i>IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology<\/i> <b>13<\/b>, 1663-1672 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCPMT.2023.3307616"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou, C. Y. et al. Millimeter-wave wideband dual-polarized LTCC antenna array based on metasurfaces for beam-scanning applications. <i>IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation<\/i> <b>70<\/b>, 9912-9917 (2022).","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3177448"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, Z. N. et al. Microwave metalens antennas. <i>Proceedings of the IEEE<\/i> <b>111<\/b>, 978-1010 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2023.3287599"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-51","unstructured":"CST Microwave Studio. Workflow &amp; Solver Overview. (CST Microwave Studio, 2008)."},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu, H. et al. Quad-polarization reconfigurable reflectarray with independent beam-scanning and polarization switching capabilities. <i>IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation<\/i> <b>71<\/b>, 7285-7298 (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2023.3291460"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian, J. et al. Wideband transmissive programmable metasurface for adaptive millimeter-wave beamforming. <i>Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews<\/i> <b>19<\/b>, 2401333 (2025).","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202401333"},{"key":"key-10.37188\/lam.2026.097-54","unstructured":"Pozar, D. M. Microwave Engineering. <i>Wiley<\/i> (2011)."}],"container-title":["Light: Advanced Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:47:21Z","timestamp":1791625641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.light-am.com\/article\/doi\/10.37188\/lam.2026.097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"0","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["LAM2025050069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37188\/lam.2026.097","relation":{},"ISSN":["2831-4093"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2831-4093","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}