{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:46:24Z","timestamp":1767339984389},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In real applications of data envelopment analysis (DEA), there are cases in which undesirable outputs are produced along with desirable outputs in such a way that the total sum of the produced undesirable outputs over the production units must be fixed and constant. In this case, a trade-off between the decision making units (DMUs) is needed to balance the production of undesirable outputs. In a rational sight, this trade-off is done in such a way that all DMUs improve their relative performances. In this paper, a single DEA-based model is proposed to model fixed and variable-sum undesirable outputs in production processes. A common equilibrium efficient frontier is constructed and after reallocating the input\/output factors, all decision making units (DMUs) prevail as efficient. A real case of 32 paper mills in China is given. The analysis results demonstrated that some economically developed paper mills have better performance than less developed paper mills; in particular, all efficient paper mills are the developed ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.37190\/ord210201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T06:21:36Z","timestamp":1625725296000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["DEA-based competition strategy in the presence of undesirable products: An application to paper mills"],"prefix":"10.37190","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Amirteimoori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Masrouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"23140","container-title":["Operations Research and Decisions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.orduser.pwr.wroc.pl\/DownloadFile.aspx?aid=1566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T13:25:14Z","timestamp":1663248314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.orduser.pwr.wroc.pl\/DownloadFile.aspx?aid=1566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37190\/ord210201","relation":{},"ISSN":["2081-8858","2391-6060"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2081-8858","type":"print"},{"value":"2391-6060","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}