{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:04:55Z","timestamp":1790813095456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["engine.scichina.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ABBS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2025046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T06:33:12Z","timestamp":1742452392000},"page":"834-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1360\/scp-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["TRIM21 promotes type I interferon by inhibiting the autophagic degradation of STING via p62\/SQSTM1 ubiquitination in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.3724","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaishun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengpu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2026","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"CITATION1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ITC81","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202006020","volume":"172","author":"Kiriakidou M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiriakidou M, Ching CL. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Internal Med, 2020, 172: ITC81-ITC96.","journal-title":"Ann Internal Med"},{"key":"CITATION2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadm8185","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adm8185","volume":"9","author":"Crow YJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crow YJ, Casanova JL. Human life within a narrow range: the lethal ups and downs of type I interferons. Sci Immunol, 2024, 9:","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"CITATION3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.31","volume":"14","author":"Muskardin TLW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muskardin TLW, Niewold TB. Type I interferon in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2018, 14: 214-228.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"CITATION4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40576","volume":"70","author":"Wang J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang J, Dai M, Cui Y, Hou G, Deng J, Gao X, Liao Z. Association of abnormal elevations inIFIT 3 with overactive CyclicGMP-AMP synthase\/stimulator of interferon genes signaling in human systemic lupus erythematosus monocytes. Arthritis Rheumatology, 2018, 70: 2036-2045.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatology"},{"key":"CITATION5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-212988","volume":"77","author":"Kato Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kato Y, Park JH, Takamatsu H, Konaka H, Aoki W, Aburaya S, Ueda M. Apoptosis-derived membrane vesicles drive the cGAS-STING pathway and enhance type I IFN production in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheumatic Dis, 2018, 77: 1507-1515.","journal-title":"Ann Rheumatic Dis"},{"key":"CITATION6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458","volume":"339","author":"Sun L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway. Science, 2013, 339: 786-791.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"CITATION7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12305","volume":"498","author":"Civril F","year":"2013","unstructured":"Civril F, Deimling T, de Oliveira Mann CC, Ablasser A, Moldt M, Witte G, Hornung V. Structural mechanism of cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS. Nature, 2013, 498: 332-337.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"CITATION8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.05.027","volume":"32","author":"Sun Z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun Z, Hornung V. cGAS\u2013STING signaling. Curr Biol, 2022, 32: R730-R734.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"CITATION9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00524-z","volume":"21","author":"Decout A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Decout A, Katz JD, Venkatraman S, Ablasser A. The cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol, 2021, 21: 548-569.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"CITATION10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101706","volume":"23","author":"Thim-uam A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thim-uam A, Prabakaran T, Tansakul M, Makjaroen J, Wongkongkathep P, Chantaravisoot N, Saethang T. STING mediates lupus via the activation of conventional dendritic cell maturation and plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation. iScience, 2020, 23:","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"CITATION11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1845","volume":"38","author":"Crow YJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crow YJ, Hayward BE, Parmar R, Robins P, Leitch A, Ali M, Black DN. Mutations in the gene encoding the 3\u2032-5\u2032 DNA exonuclease TREX1 cause Aicardi-Gouti\u00e8res syndrome at the AGS1 locus. Nat Genet, 2006, 38: 917-920.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"CITATION12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312625","volume":"371","author":"Liu Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Y, Jesus AA, Marrero B, Yang D, Ramsey SE, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Tenbrock K. Activated STING in a vascular and pulmonary syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2014, 371: 507-518.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CITATION13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516465112","volume":"112","author":"Gao D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao D, Li T, Li XD, Chen X, Li QZ, Wight-Carter M, Chen ZJ. Activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase by self-DNA causes autoimmune diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015, 112:","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CITATION14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wollert T. Autophagy.  Curr Biol  2019, 29: R671\u2013R677.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.06.014"},{"key":"CITATION15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0251-z","volume":"26","author":"Liu D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu D, Wu H, Wang C, Li Y, Tian H, Siraj S, Sehgal SA. STING directly activates autophagy to tune the innate immune response. Cell Death Differ, 2019, 26: 1735-1749.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"CITATION16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1006-9","volume":"567","author":"Gui X","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gui X, Yang H, Li T, Tan X, Shi P, Li M, Du F. Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a primordial function of the cGAS pathway. Nature, 2019, 567: 262-266.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"CITATION17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97858","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201797858","volume":"37","author":"Prabakaran T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prabakaran T, Bodda C, Krapp C, Zhang B, Christensen MH, Sun C, Reinert L. Attenuation of cGAS-STING signaling is mediated by a p62\/SQSTM 1-dependent autophagy pathway activated by TBK1. EMBO J, 2018, 37:","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"CITATION18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98308","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201798308","volume":"37","author":"Zaffagnini G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zaffagnini G, Savova A, Danieli A, Romanov J, Tremel S, Ebner M, Peterbauer T. p62 filaments capture and present ubiquitinated cargos for autophagy. EMBO J, 2018, 37:","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"CITATION19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01097\u201321","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01097-21","volume":"12","author":"Wang L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang L, Howell MEA, Sparks-Wallace A, Zhao J, Hensley CR, Nicksic CA, Horne SR. The ubiquitin sensor and adaptor protein p62 mediates signal transduction of a viral oncogenic pathway. mBio, 2021, 12:","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"CITATION20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2005.04.013","volume":"43","author":"Ottosson L","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ottosson L, Hennig J, Espinosa A, Brauner S, Wahren-Herlenius M, Sunnerhagen M. Structural, functional and immunologic characterization of folded subdomains in the Ro52 protein targeted in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. Mol Immunol, 2006, 43: 588-598.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"CITATION21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-023-00528-8","volume":"29","author":"Ahsan N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahsan N, Shariq M, Surolia A, Raj R, Khan MF, Kumar P. Multipronged regulation of autophagy and apoptosis: emerging role of TRIM proteins. Cell Mol Biol Lett, 2024, 29:","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"CITATION22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2023149","volume":"55","author":"Cen X","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cen X, Li Z, Chen X. Ubiquitination in the regulation of autophagy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, 2023, 55: 1348-1357.","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"CITATION23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063315","volume":"25","author":"Wei Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei Y, Gu Y, Zhou Z, Wu C, Liu Y, Sun H. TRIM21 promotes oxidative stress and ferroptosis through the SQSTM1-NRF2-KEAP1 axis to increase the titers of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25:","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"CITATION24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114095","volume":"43","author":"Guo YY","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo YY, Gao Y, Zhao YL, Xie C, Gan H, Cheng X, Yang LP. Viral infection and spread are inhibited by the polyubiquitination and downregulation of TRPV2 channel by the interferon-stimulated gene TRIM21. Cell Rep, 2024, 43:","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"CITATION25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.05.013","volume":"53","author":"Zhang X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Bai X, Chen ZJ. Structures and mechanisms in the cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway. Immunity, 2020, 53: 43-53.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"CITATION26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00613-4","volume":"6","author":"Zhang R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang R, Kang R, Tang D. The STING1 network regulates autophagy and cell death. Sig Transduct Target Ther, 2021, 6:","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"CITATION27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-023-00045-x","volume":"25","author":"Xun J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xun J, Zhang Z, Lv B, Lu D, Yang H, Shang G, Tan JX. A conserved ion channel function of STING mediates noncanonical autophagy and cell death. EMBO Rep, 2024, 25: 544-569.","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"CITATION28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.036","volume":"178","author":"Ergun SL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ergun SL, Fernandez D, Weiss TM, Li L. STING polymer structure reveals mechanisms for activation, hyperactivation, and inhibition. Cell, 2019, 178: 290-301.e10.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"CITATION29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1000-2","volume":"567","author":"Zhang C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang C, Shang G, Gui X, Zhang X, Bai X, Chen ZJ. Structural basis of STING binding with and phosphorylation by TBK1. Nature, 2019, 567: 394-398.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"CITATION30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070271","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1070271","volume":"13","author":"Santelices J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santelices J, Ou M, Maegawa GHB, Hercik K, Edelmann MJ. USP8 inhibition regulates autophagy flux and controls salmonella infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2023, 13:","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"CITATION31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36332-3","volume":"14","author":"Jia M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jia M, Wang Y, Wang J, Qin D, Wang M, Chai L, Fu Y. Myristic acid as a checkpoint to regulate STING-dependent autophagy and interferon responses by promoting N-myristoylation. Nat Commun, 2023, 14:","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"CITATION32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2409493121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2409493121","volume":"121","author":"Liu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang A, Chen C, Zhang Q, Shen Q, Zhang D, Xiao X. Microglial cGAS\u2013STING signaling underlies glaucoma pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2024, 121:","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CITATION33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40002","volume":"69","author":"An J","year":"2017","unstructured":"An J, Durcan L, Karr RM, Briggs TA, Rice GI, Teal TH, Woodward JJ. Expression of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatology, 2017, 69: 800-807.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatology"},{"key":"CITATION34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.03.001","volume":"100","author":"Xiao N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao N, Wei J, Xu S, Du H, Huang M, Zhang S, Ye W. cGAS activation causes lupus-like autoimmune disorders in a TREX1 mutant mouse model. J Autoimmunity, 2019, 100: 84-94.","journal-title":"J Autoimmunity"},{"key":"CITATION35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0287-8","volume":"20","author":"Srikanth S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Srikanth S, Woo JS, Wu B, El-Sherbiny YM, Leung J, Chupradit K, Rice L. The Ca2+ sensor STIM1 regulates the type I interferon response by retaining the signaling adaptor STING at the endoplasmic reticulum. Nat Immunol, 2019, 20: 152-162.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"CITATION36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019097118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2019097118","volume":"118","author":"Skopelja-Gardner S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skopelja-Gardner S, Tai J, Sun X, Tanaka L, Kuchenbecker JA, Snyder JM, Kubes P. Acute skin exposure to ultraviolet light triggers neutrophil-mediated kidney inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2021, 118:","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CITATION37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2017.01.002","volume":"42","author":"Hatakeyama S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hatakeyama S. TRIM family proteins: roles in autophagy, immunity, and carcinogenesis. Trends Biochem Sci, 2017, 42: 297-311.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"CITATION38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.01.014","volume":"39","author":"Oke V","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oke V, Wahren-Herlenius M. The immunobiology of Ro52 (TRIM21) in autoimmunity: a critical review. J Autoimmunity, 2012, 39: 77-82.","journal-title":"J Autoimmunity"},{"key":"CITATION39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202024","volume":"72","author":"Jensen MA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jensen MA, Patterson KC, Kumar AA, Kumabe M, Franek BS, Niewold TB. Functional genetic polymorphisms in ILT3 are associated with decreased surface expression on dendritic cells and increased serum cytokines in lupus patients. Ann Rheumatic Dis, 2013, 72: 596-601.","journal-title":"Ann Rheumatic Dis"},{"key":"CITATION40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tumurkhuu G, Moore R, Perri G, Huo L, Kumar AN, de los Santos G, et al. Loss of TRIM21 drives UVB-induced systemic inflammation by regulating DNA-sensing pathways.  bioRxiv  2024: 2024.04.10.588897.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.10.588897"},{"key":"CITATION41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01184-8","volume":"21","author":"Goldbach-Mansky R","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goldbach-Mansky R, Alehashemi S, de Jesus AA. Emerging concepts and treatments in autoinflammatory interferonopathies and monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2025, 21: 22-45.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"CITATION42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.02.007","volume":"61","author":"Pan JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan JA, Sun Y, Jiang YP, Bott AJ, Jaber N, Dou Z, Yang B. TRIM21 ubiquitylates SQSTM1\/p62 and suppresses protein sequestration to regulate redox homeostasis. Mol Cell, 2016, 61: 720-733.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"CITATION43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2119189119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2119189119","volume":"119","author":"Carozza JA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carozza JA, Cordova AF, Brown JA, AlSaif Y, B\u00f6hnert V, Cao X, Mardjuki RE. ENPP1\u2019s regulation of extracellular cGAMP is a ubiquitous mechanism of attenuating STING signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2022, 119:","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CITATION44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.032","volume":"164","author":"Mostafavi S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mostafavi S, Yoshida H, Moodley D, LeBoit\u00e9 H, Rothamel K, Raj T, Ye CJ. Parsing the interferon transcriptional network and its disease associations. Cell, 2016, 164: 564-578.","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciengine.com\/doi\/pdf\/4CFA36D0AD534D01A6A78DE7D9C57413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciengine.com\/doi\/10.3724\/abbs.2025046","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciengine.com\/doi\/pdf\/4CFA36D0AD534D01A6A78DE7D9C57413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T03:02:12Z","timestamp":1757646132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciengine.com\/doi\/10.3724\/abbs.2025046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3724\/abbs.2025046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1672-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1672-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}}}