{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:01:57Z","timestamp":1792555317189,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acupuncture &amp; Electro-Therapeutics Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current study the effect of electrode placement on cutaneous blood flow and skin temperature were assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry. Following approval from the University\u2019s ethical committee, 30 subjects were recruited (IS male: 15 female) and randomly assigned to a control or one of two treatment groups (n=10 all groups). TENS was applied either over the median nerve or to the Hegyu acupuncture point (L.I.4) for IS minutes. Blood flow and skin temperature data were recorded during TENS and for 15 minutes post TENS. Analysis of results showed significant differences between groups for cutaneous blood flow (p=0.0001; repeated measures ANOVA). There was a significant increase in blood flow in the TENS median nerve group compared with the other two groups during TENS application. No significant changes in skin temperature were observed between groups. This study demonstrates that the effect of TENS upon cutaneous blood flow is dependent upon electrode placement sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3727\/036012901816356036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T21:36:18Z","timestamp":1450128978000},"page":"25-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS): THE EFFECT OF ELECTRODE PLACEMENT UPON CUTANEOUS BLOOD FLOW AND SKIN TEMPERATURE"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"A Fiona L","family":"Cramp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Gareth","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea S","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre M","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, BT37 OQB, Northern Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012983816714858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012988816358589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Influence of frequency of muscle stimulation on circulation in the stimulated extremity","volume":"34","author":"Wakim KG","year":"1953","unstructured":"4. Wakim KG, Influence of frequency of muscle stimulation on circulation in the stimulated extremity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. vol 34,291-295,1953.","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197611000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198001000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/53.8.899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.4.478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012985816714496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.6.937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"1526","article-title":"Comparison of selected pulse frequencies from two different electrical stimulators on blood flow in healthy subjects","volume":"68","author":"Tracy JE","year":"1988","unstructured":"11. Tracy JE, Currier DP, Threlkeld AJ, Comparison of selected pulse frequencies from two different electrical stimulators on blood flow in healthy subjects. Physical Therapy, vol 68, 1526-1532, 1988.","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289609166039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2000.00240.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03091909009009954"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90187-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","volume-title":"Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion","author":"Liangyue D","year":"1987","unstructured":"16. Liangyue D, Yijung G, Shuhui H, Xiaoping J, Yang L, Rufen W, Wenjing W, Xuetai W, Hengze X, Xiuling X, Jiuling Y, Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Foreign Language Press, Beijing, 1987."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Scientific advance","author":"Wie LW","year":"1979","unstructured":"17. Wie LW, Scientific advance In: Kao F, Kao J (eds) Recent advances in Acupuncture Research. Garden City, New York: Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science and Medicine pp49-71,1979.","journal-title":"Recent advances in Acupuncture Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","first-page":"745","article-title":"Conventional TENS electrode placement and pain threshold","volume":"64","author":"Wheeler JB","year":"1984","unstructured":"18. Wheeler JB, Doleys DM, Harden RS, Clelland JA, Conventional TENS electrode placement and pain threshold. Physical Therapy, vol 64, 745,1984.","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(81)90137-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","volume-title":"TENS: Clinical applications and related theory","author":"Walsh DM","year":"1997","unstructured":"20. Walsh DM, TENS: Clinical applications and related theory, Churchill Livingstone, London, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.1999.00210.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2000.00207.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","volume-title":"Practical research methods for clinical therapists","author":"Hicks CM","year":"1999","unstructured":"23. Hicks CM, Practical research methods for clinical therapists. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03091909009009955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(91)90124-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(96)00127-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/75.7.621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.4.526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08464.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","first-page":"392","article-title":"Applications of ultra-miniature photoelectric plethysmographic sensors with a very short response time to the non-traumatic study of the circulatory system. Transactions","volume":"17","author":"Omura Y","year":"1971","unstructured":"30. Omura Y, Lee K, Applications of ultra-miniature photoelectric plethysmographic sensors with a very short response time to the non-traumatic study of the circulatory system. Transactions. American Society For Artificial Internal Organs, vol 17, 392-404,1971.","journal-title":"American Society For Artificial Internal Organs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3727\/036012927500100104","article-title":"Patho-physiology of acupuncture treatment effects of acupuncture on cardiovascular and nervous systems","volume":"1","author":"Omura Y","year":"1975","unstructured":"31. Omura Y. Patho-physiology of acupuncture treatment effects of acupuncture on cardiovascular and nervous systems. Acupuncture & Electro-therapeutics. The International Journal, vol 1, 51-141, 1975.","journal-title":"Acupuncture & Electro-therapeutics. The International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012927500100106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90160-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319009004532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/ptr.1996.1.2.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(83)90160-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979104200510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699844583"}],"container-title":["Acupuncture &amp; Electro-Therapeutics Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3727\/036012901816356036","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3727\/036012901816356036","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3727\/036012901816356036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:51:39Z","timestamp":1777366299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3727\/036012901816356036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3727\/036012901816356036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/036012901816356036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1293","2167-9010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1293","type":"print"},{"value":"2167-9010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}