{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:15:53Z","timestamp":1777371353677,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,11,1]],"date-time":"1988-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":594345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acupuncture &amp; Electro-Therapeutics Research: International Journal of Integrated Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-frequengy (2Hz) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) may produce widespread and prolonged increases in skin temperature in patients with peripheral vascular insufficiency due to improved microcirculation. The method has previously been used successfully to potentiate healing of chronic ulcers of various etiology. The present report describes a similar study, using TNS treatment in attempts to accelerate healing of chronic leprous ulcers that had resisted treatment for several months or years. All other treatment, local and systemic chemotherapy, and daily regime remained as far as possible unaltered. The study was limited to ulceration in the soft tissue of the foot or lower leg. Eleven TNS sessions, each of 30 min duration, were applied per week.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In 19 patients (6 out- and 13 in-patients), in whom the TNS treatment was not interrupted, all ulcers healed completely within a mean of 5.2 weeks (range 3-12 weeks). The mean size of the ulcers was 5.2 cu.cm (range 0.2-48.3 cu.cm), and they had persisted for a mean of 15.8 months (range 2-60 months). The \u2018healing index\u2019,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n                    the mean reduction of the ulcer cavity per week, was 1.0 cu.cm\/week.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The study demonstrates a clear therapeutic effect for low-frequency TNS in patients with leprous ulcers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The mechanisms involved in the accelerated healing are assumed to be increased microcirculation due to sympatho-inhibition and release of endogenous corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3727\/036012988816358589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T00:29:30Z","timestamp":1446510570000},"page":"165-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Promoted Healing of Leprous Ulcers by Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Birger","family":"Kaada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiological Laboratory, Rogaland Central Hospital, Armauer Hansens Vei, N-4012 Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melesse","family":"Emru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiological Laboratory, Rogaland Central Hospital, Armauer Hansens Vei, N-4012 Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1602","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"The powerful placebo","volume":"159","author":"Beecher H.K","year":"1606","unstructured":"BeecherH.K. 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Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 475\u2013488, 1987.","journal-title":"In: Nobin A, Owman C. and Arneklo-Nobin B., eds., Eric K. Fernstr\u00f6m Symposium Series No. 10. \u201cNeuronal Messengers in Vascular Function\u201d. September 25-27 1986, Lund, Sweden. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"623","article-title":"In search of mediators of skin vasodilation induced by transcutaneous nerve stimulation: I. Failure to block the response by anta-gonists of endogenous vasodilators. Gen","volume":"14","author":"Kaada B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"KaadaB. and EielsenO. In search of mediators of skin vasodilation induced by transcutaneous nerve stimulation: I. Failure to block the response by anta-gonists of endogenous vasodilators. Gen. 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