{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:16:41Z","timestamp":1777371401796,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,2,1]],"date-time":"1990-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":633830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acupuncture &amp; Electro-Therapeutics Research: International Journal of Integrated Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In many cases of chronic intractable pain without any discernible causes, when both Western medical treatment and acupuncture treatment failed to eliminate the pain, this pain is often due to the unrecognized presence of viral or bacterial infection. Even effective anti-viral or bacterial agents often fail to eliminate or inhibit the infection, as these drugs may also fail to reach the most painful area where often unrecognizable circulatory disturbances co-exist. Using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Molecular Identification Method, we were able to localize substance P and thromboxane B\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (a good indicator of the presence and degree of circulatory disturbances) in the painful area along with virus or bacteria. Based on the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test localization method for specific substances or microbes, the author has successfully treated cases of chronic intractable pain by the combination of anti-viral or bacterial agents with either manual acupuncture, electro-acupuncture or transcutaneous electrical stimulation through a pair of surface electrodes. Among a variety of infections, the most common cause of severe intractable pain was herpes simplex virus, and the most common bacterial cause of intractable pain of moderate degree was Campylobacter. In addition, chlamydia was a very common cause of mild intractable pain. When peripheral nerve fibers are hypersensitive from nerve injury due to viral infection, in addition to the drug therapy for infection, use of Vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    25 mg., 2 times a day for an average adult often accelerates recovery time. As an anti-viral agent for the herpes virus family, the author found that EPA (Omega 3 fish oil, Eicosa Pentaenoic Acid, C20:5\u03c93), at doses between 180 mg. and 350 mg (depending upon body weight) 4 times a day for 2 to 6 weeks, without prescribing the common anti-viral agent Acyclovir, often eliminated the symptoms due to viral infection including all well-known types of the herpes vims, such as herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus are usually not associated with intractable severe pain, but they are often associated with a recurrent burning or itching sensation and they can cause intractable frequent muscle twitching. Viruses belonging to the herpes family almost always exist between the midline of one side of the spinal cord and the midline of the front of the body, where these nerves from the spinal cord end and the same virus is localized only on one side of the body at the sanie spinal level. When acupuncture or electrical stimulation (1-3 pulses\/sec.) is given in the vicinity of the infected painful area with increased thromboxane B\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , if EPA, Vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , etc. are orally taken shortly before these procedures, these substances are more selectively taken up in the abnormal areas than in the surrounding normal areas where the stimulation was given.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3727\/036012990816358324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T00:29:30Z","timestamp":1446510570000},"page":"51-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Treatment of Acute or Chronic, Severe, Intractable Pain and other Intractable Medical Problems Associated with Unrecognized Viral or Bacterial Infection: Part I"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Omura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Medical Research, Heart Disease Research Foundation, New York, N.Y. Adjunct Prof.of Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Chicago, IL; Visiting Research Prof., Dept. of Electriad Engineering, Manhattan College, New York, N.Y; Adjunct Prof., Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; President, International College of Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics, New York, N.Y. 800 Riverside Drive (8-I), New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"239","article-title":"Editorial: New simple early diagnostic methods using Omura's \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Dysfunction Localization Method\u201d and acupuncture organ representation points, and their applications to the \u201cDrug & Food Compatibility Test\u201d for individual organs and to auricular diagnosis of internal organs \u2013 Pan 1, Acupuncture Electro-Thera","volume":"6","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1981","unstructured":"OmuraY. Editorial: New simple early diagnostic methods using Omura's \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Dysfunction Localization Method\u201d and acupuncture organ representation points, and their applications to the \u201cDrug & Food Compatibility Test\u201d for individual organs and to auricular diagnosis of internal organs \u2013 Pan 1, Acupuncture Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 6, pp. 239\u2013254, 1981.","journal-title":"Res. Int. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmuraY. Editorial: Effects of an electrical field and its polarity on an abnormal pan of the body or organ representation point associated with a diseased internal organ and its influence on the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d (simple non-invasive dysfunction localization method) & drug compatibility test - Pan 1. Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int.J. Vol. 7: pp. 209\u2013246 1982.","DOI":"10.3727\/036012982816952026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"OmuraY. NisterukC.J. LoscoBro M. HellerS.I. OmuraA. CookA. WilliamsG. Non-invasive early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases by the combined use of the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test Dysfunction Localization Method \u201d organ representation points & of wide frequency bandwidth ECG's & selective high frequency wide bandwidth ECG's Japanese Hean Journal. Vol. 23: pp 564\u2013566 supplement 1982."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"OmuraY. Acupuncture Medicine: Its Historical and Clinical Background. Japan Publications Inc. Tokyo 1982."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012983816715037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"OmuraY. NisterukC.J. Losco Bro.M. HellerS.I. OmuraA. CookA. WilliamsG. SpenceD. Early non-invasive diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases using the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d and \u201cSelective high-frequency wide band ECG's\u201d in the presence or absence of abnormalities in standard ECG's p. 176 in Abstracts of 10th Int. Cong. on Electro-Cardiology and 24th Int. Symposium on Vectorcardiography. Bratislava Czechoslovakia August 16\u201319 1983."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Highlights of the forthcoming 1st International Symposium on Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research. The International Journal. 1) Stress & Immunity and effects of stimulation of deep peroneal nerve at SL36 on ventricular arrhythmia, hean disease & sudden death. 2) New, simple, accurate and inexpensive imaging technique of internal organs and cancer tissue by a clinical application of \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d and clinical significance of newly discovered networks of thymus glands in cancer treatment. Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int","volume":"10","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1985","unstructured":"OmuraY. Highlights of the forthcoming 1st International Symposium on Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research. The International Journal. 1) Stress & Immunity and effects of stimulation of deep peroneal nerve at SL36 on ventricular arrhythmia, hean disease & sudden death. 2) New, simple, accurate and inexpensive imaging technique of internal organs and cancer tissue by a clinical application of \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d and clinical significance of newly discovered networks of thymus glands in cancer treatment. Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 10, pp. 1\u201312, 1985.","journal-title":"J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Simple and quick non-invasive evaluation of circulatory condition of cerebral arteries by clinical application of the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Thera.' 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Simple method of estimating the presence of bacterial infection at different organs of humans & animals: effective antibiotics & their optimal dose; and potential infection from airconditioner filters, by the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d, Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 10, No. 3: pp. 214\u2013215 (abstract), 1985.","journal-title":"J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"HidaK.: Combining Korean Hand Acupuncture with Omura's \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test \u201d Ido-No-Nippon The Journal of Japanese Acupuncture and Noxibustion. Vol. 10: pp 38\u201344 1985."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Preliminary experiences with Omura's \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Thera, Res","volume":"10","author":"Pontinen P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"PontinenP. Preliminary experiences with Omura's \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Thera, Res. Int. J. Vol. 10, No. 3:p. 213 (abstract), 1985..","journal-title":"Int. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"simple, non-invasive imaging technique of internal organs and various cancer tissues using extended principles of the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d without using expensive imaging instruments or exposing the patient to any undesirable radiation - Pan 1, Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int","volume":"10","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1985","unstructured":"OmuraY. newA simple, non-invasive imaging technique of internal organs and various cancer tissues using extended principles of the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d without using expensive imaging instruments or exposing the patient to any undesirable radiation - Pan 1, Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 10: pp. 255\u2013277, 1985.","journal-title":"J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmuraY. \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test Molecular Identification and Localization Method\u201d and its application in imaging of internal organs and malignant tumors as well as identification and localization of neurotransmitters and micro-organisms - Pan 1 Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 11 No. 2: pp. 65\u2013100 1986.","DOI":"10.3727\/036012986816359201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","article-title":"Practice of \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d (in Japanese)","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1988","unstructured":"OmuraY. Practice of \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d (in Japanese), Ido-No-Nihon-Sha, Tokyo & Yokosuka, Japan, 1st Ed.,1986, & 4th Ed., 1988.","journal-title":"Ido-No-Nihon-Sha, Tokyo & Yokosuka, Japan, 1st Ed.,1986, & 4th Ed."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"219","article-title":"Re-evaluation of the classical acupuncture concept of meridians in oriental medicine by the new method of detecting meridian-like networks connected to internal organs using \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int","volume":"11","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1986","unstructured":"OmuraY. Re-evaluation of the classical acupuncture concept of meridians in oriental medicine by the new method of detecting meridian-like networks connected to internal organs using \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. 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Vol. 11 No. 2: pp. 127\u2013145 1986.","DOI":"10.3727\/036012986816359193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"243","article-title":"Practical Clinical application of the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of tuberculosis & parasitic infection, Acupuncture & Electro-Thera","volume":"11","author":"Ong G.","year":"1986","unstructured":"OngG. OmuraY. Practical Clinical application of the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of tuberculosis & parasitic infection, Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 11: pp. 243\u2013250, 1986.","journal-title":"Res. Int. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"PontinenPJ. Importance of Omura's \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d in acupuncture treatment 5th Romanian Symposium on Acupuncture. Bucharest. October 1\u20134 1986."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"The application of \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, Acupuncture & Electro-Thera","volume":"11","author":"Chan J. C","year":"1986","unstructured":"ChanJ. C The application of \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 11: pp. 233\u2013241, 1986.","journal-title":"Res. Int. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"251","article-title":"Critical evaluation of Koryo Sooji Chim (Korean hand acupuncture) diagnosis by application of the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test, Acupuncture & Electro-Ther","volume":"11","author":"Hida K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"HidaK. Critical evaluation of Koryo Sooji Chim (Korean hand acupuncture) diagnosis by application of the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test, Acupuncture & Electro-Ther. Res. Int. J. Vol. 11: pp. 251\u2013257, 1986.","journal-title":"Res. Int. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"HidaK. Pressure points and treatment points - Korean hand acupuncture and \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test \u201d Ido-No-Nippon The Journal of Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Vol. 4: pp. 524\u2013530 1986."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmuraY. Meridian-like networks of internal organs corresponding to traditional Chinese 12 main meridians and their acupuncture points as detected by the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test Imaging Method:\u201d Search for the corresponding internal organ of western medicine for each meridian \u2014 Pan 1 Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 12: pp. 53\u201370 1987.","DOI":"10.3727\/036012987816358968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Interrelationships between the heart and central nervous system: Localization of neuro-transmitters and imaging of their associated nuclei, including the raphe nuclei & the locus coeruleus, as well as the imaging of the heart and its representation areas in slices of the human central nervous system using the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d imaging method. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Res. Int","volume":"12","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1987","unstructured":"OmuraY. Interrelationships between the heart and central nervous system: Localization of neuro-transmitters and imaging of their associated nuclei, including the raphe nuclei & the locus coeruleus, as well as the imaging of the heart and its representation areas in slices of the human central nervous system using the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d imaging method. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Res. Int. J. Vol. 12, pp. 139\u2013170, 1987.","journal-title":"J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Comparison of motor cortex-induced flexor muscle activity inhibition by hard pressure on various pans of the body and by light pinch of abdomen of animals with gastro-duodenal ulcers, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research","volume":"12","author":"Hisamitsu T.","year":"1987","unstructured":"HisamitsuT. WuG.C. TakeshigeC. Comparison of motor cortex-induced flexor muscle activity inhibition by hard pressure on various pans of the body and by light pinch of abdomen of animals with gastro-duodenal ulcers, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research. The International Journal. Vol. 12, pp. 171\u2013183, 1987.","journal-title":"The International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012987816358814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Facchinetti and E. Martignoni","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1988","unstructured":"OmuraY. LoscoB. M. OmuraA. K. CookA. W. Circulatory factors, neurotransmitters, and other factors influencing pain before and after acupuncture or electrical stimulation, pp. 215\u2013230, in Pain And Reproduction (Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology Series, edited by A.R. GenazzaniG. NappiF. Facchinetti and E. Martignoni, The Parthenon Publishing Group, Lancs, U.K., 1988.","journal-title":"The Parthenon Publishing Group, Lancs, U.K."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Microbial infection or trauma at cardiovascular representation area of medulla oblongata as some of the possible causes of hypertension or hypotension, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research","volume":"13","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1988","unstructured":"OmuraY. Microbial infection or trauma at cardiovascular representation area of medulla oblongata as some of the possible causes of hypertension or hypotension, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research. The International Journal. Vol. 13, pp. 131\u2013145, 1988.","journal-title":"The International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Imaging of the stomach and localization of the stomach meridian & its acupuncture points in a human cadaver by the use of the indirect \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test Imaging Technique,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research","volume":"13","author":"Omura Y.","unstructured":"OmuraY. TakeshigeC. ShimotsuuraY. SuzukiM. Imaging of the stomach and localization of the stomach meridian & its acupuncture points in a human cadaver by the use of the indirect \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test Imaging Technique,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research. The International Journal. Vol. 13, pp. 153\u2013164, 1988","journal-title":"The International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Unique changes found on the Qi Gong (Chi Gong) Master's and patient's body during Qi Gong treatment; their relationships to certain meridians & acupuncture points and the re-creation of therapeutic Qi Gong states by children & adults, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research","volume":"14","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1989","unstructured":"OmuraY. Unique changes found on the Qi Gong (Chi Gong) Master's and patient's body during Qi Gong treatment; their relationships to certain meridians & acupuncture points and the re-creation of therapeutic Qi Gong states by children & adults, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research. The International Journal. Vol. 14, pp. 61\u201389, 1989.","journal-title":"The International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"The Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine An Outline of Chinese Acupuncture. Pergamon Press (Oxford New York Toronto Sydney Paris & Frankfurt) 1975."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Advances in Acupuncture and Acupuncture Anaesthesia: Abstracts of Papers Presented on the National Symposium of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Acupuncture Anaestheisa Beijing June 1\u20135 1979 Peoples's Medical Publishing House People's Republic of China 1980."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","article-title":"(H.T. Chang) (Editor in chief)","author":"Zhang Xiangtong","year":"1986","unstructured":"ZhangXiangtong (H.T. Chang) (Editor in chief), Research on Acupuncture. Moxibustion. and Acupuncture Anesthesia. Science Press, Beijing, Springer-Verlag (Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 1986.","journal-title":"Research on Acupuncture. Moxibustion. and Acupuncture Anesthesia. 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Editorial: Critical evaluation of the methods of measurement of \u201cTingling Threshold\u201d \u201cPain Threshold\u201d and \u201cPain Tolerance\u201d by electrical stimulation. Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Tnt. J. Vol. 2 No. 3 & 4 pp. 161\u2013236 1977.","DOI":"10.3727\/036012977817553367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmuraY. Editorial: Pain threshold measurement before and after acupuncture: controversial results of radiant heat method and electrical method and the roles of ACTH-like substances and endorphins. Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 3 pp. 1*21 1978.","DOI":"10.3727\/036012978817553267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmuraY. Editorial: Simple custom-made disposable surface electrode system for non-invasive \u201celectro-acupuncture\u201d or TNS and its clinical applications including treatment of cephalic hypertension and hypotension syndromes as well as tempero-mandibular joint problems tinnitus shoulder and lower back pain etc. Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 6 pp. 109\u2013134 1981.","DOI":"10.3727\/036012981816952234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmuraY. Basic electrical parameters for safe and effective electro-therapeutics [electro-acupuncture TES TENMS (or TEMS) TENS and electro-magnetic field stimulation with or without drug field] for pain neuromuscular-skeletal problems and circulatory disturbances Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. Vol. 12 pp. 201\u2013225 1987.","DOI":"10.3727\/036012987816358788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmuraY. Editorial: Non-invasive circulatory evaluation and electro-acupuncture & TES treatment of diseases difficult to treat in Western medicine: 1) abnormal brain circulation and blood pressure: cephalic hypertension or cephalic hypotension syndromes and their related conditions\u2013 headache insomnia blindness due to macular degeneration & retinitis pigmentosa and some psychiatric problems; 2) severe lower extremity circulatory disturbances with intractable pain intermittent claudication ulceration and\/or severe diabetic neuropathy. Acupuncture & Electro-Thera. Res. Int. J. 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