{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:17:11Z","timestamp":1777371431960,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,2,1]],"date-time":"1991-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":665366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acupuncture &amp; Electro-Therapeutics Research: International Journal of Integrated Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In spite of the importance of tongue diagnosis in Oriental Medicine, a very rough assignment of only a limited number of the major internal organs is known, and some of the assignments are not exactly the same, depending upon various schools of thought. In 1980, the author first developed a simple, quick, non-invasive, accurate method of localizing representation areas of internal organs, using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Molecular Identification Method based on the resonance phenomena between 2 identical substances or tissues, with a microscope slide of a specific internal organ as a reference control substance. The method was applied to the organ representation areas in the ears, hands, feet, cerebral cortex, and tongue. In this article for the first time detailed organ representation areas of the human tongue are being presented in comparison with currently known organ representation areas on the tongue. For convenience, the tongue can be divided into 3 parts: the anterior, the middle, and the posterior. On each side of the anterior pan (1st part, area around the tip) of the tongue, the internal organs in the chest cavity are represented; from the mid-line to each side of the tip of the tongue, the oesophagus, thymus gland, lung (and trachea &amp; bronchi), heart, and breast (over heart area) are represented. The middle (2nd) part of the tongue represents the digestive system, and the 3rd part represents the genito- urinary system. The 2nd part of the tongue represents the rectum, colon, cecum, appendix, small intestine, stomach, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. The 2nd and 3rd parts of the tongue represent all the internal organs in the abdominal cavities and the genito-urinary area. The remaining one-third of the tongue, near the pharynx, is all related to the genito-urinary system with the exception of the spleen, which is located between the kidney and the adrenal gland representation areas. Within the triangular area formed by the sulcus terminalis, the anus is represented on both sides. Finally, at the peak of that triangle, i.e. the foramen cecum, the coccyx is represented. Extremities are represented at the sides of the tongue. The undersurface of die tongue starting from the tip of the tongue in the mid-line and going towards the root of the tongue along the frenulum in the mouth represents one kind of homunculus consisting of the neck, face, head, ears, upper &amp; lower extremities and back of the body. The neck, face, head, ears, and upper extremities occupy well over 50% of the under surface of the tongue. On the sides of the face are enomious ears relative to the size of the face. From the sides of the tip of the back of the tongue, towards the boundary of the tongue, next to the neck are the shoulders, arms, and fingers. Using this new accurate organ representation chart of the tongue, the author found that, when there is a distinctive moss or fine crease (or groove) formation on the specific internal organ representation area, its corresponding organ's abnormality was often confirmed. Using this new accurate diagram of organ representation areas of the tongue, one can make quick screening of the internal organs of the chest and abdominal cavities, as well as other pans of the body, as an important practical supplement for standard medical diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3727\/036012991816358062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T00:29:30Z","timestamp":1446510570000},"page":"27-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Accurate Localization of Organ Representation Areas of the Tongue, Using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test: Its Clinical Application, and Re-Evaluation of Classical Oriental Tongue Diagnosis \u2013 Part I"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Omura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Disease Research Foundation, New York, N. Y."},{"name":"Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Dept of Electrical Engineering, Manhattan College, New York, N. Y."},{"name":"Dept, of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"International College of Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics, New York, N. Y. 800 Riverside Drive (8-1), New York, N.Y. 10032, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Guangdong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ed.) Chinese Medical Diagnosis () Shanghai Scientific Publishing House Shanghai Peopl e's Republic of China 1972."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","article-title":"Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery, The Williams and Wilkins Company","author":"Bailey Hamilton","year":"1960","unstructured":"BaileyHamilton, Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, Maryland, 1960.","journal-title":"Baltimore, Maryland"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chinese Medical Tongue Diagnosis () People's Medical Publishing House Beijing People's Republic of China 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"LuGwei-Djen. NeedhamJoseph. Celestial Lancets Cambridge University Press U.K. 1980."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","article-title":"Acupuncture Medicine: Its Historical and Clinical Background","author":"Omura Yoshiaki","year":"1982","unstructured":"OmuraYoshiaki. Acupuncture Medicine: Its Historical and Clinical Background. Japan Publications Inc, Tokyo, Japan 1982.","journal-title":"Japan Publications Inc, Tokyo, Japan"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","article-title":"Complete Works of Chinese Traditional Medical Diagnostic Method ()San Ton Science and Engineering Publishing Co","author":"Ma Zhang-Xue","year":"1989","unstructured":"MaZhang-Xue, (Ed.) Complete Works of Chinese Traditional Medical Diagnostic Method ()San Ton Science and Engineering Publishing Co., San Ton, People's Republic of China, 1989.","journal-title":"San Ton, People's Republic of China"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","article-title":"Complete Works of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion () Henan Scientific and Technical Publishing House","author":"Wang Sue-Tai","year":"1988","unstructured":"WangSue-Tai, (Ed.) 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Vol 7: 239\u2013254, 1981","journal-title":"The International J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Editorial: Effects of an electrical field and its polarity on an abnormal pan of the body or organ representation point associated with a diseased internal organ, and its influence on the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (simple, non-invasive dysfunction localization method) & drug compatibility test\u2013 Part I, Acupuncture & Electto-Therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1982","unstructured":"OmuraY., Editorial: Effects of an electrical field and its polarity on an abnormal pan of the body or organ representation point associated with a diseased internal organ, and its influence on the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (simple, non-invasive dysfunction localization method) & drug compatibility test\u2013 Part I, Acupuncture & Electto-Therapeutics. The International J. 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The International Journal: 1) Stress & Immunity and Effects of Stimulation of Deep Peroneal Nerve at St. 36 on Ventricular Arrhythmia, Heart Disease, and Sudden Death. 2) New Simple Accurate and Inexpensive Imaging Technique of Internal Organ Cancer Tissue by a Clinical Application of the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test\u201d and Clinical Significance of Newly Discovered Networks of Thymus Glands in Cancer Treatment. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics. The International J., Vol 10:1\u201312,1985","journal-title":"The International J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Simple and quick non-invasive evaluation of circulatory condition of cerebral arteries by clinical application of the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1985","unstructured":"OmuraY. 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Ido-No-Nippon-Sha, Tokyo & Yokosuka, Japan, 1986.","journal-title":"Ido-No-Nippon-Sha, Tokyo & Yokosuka, Japan"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Electro-magnetic resonance phenomenon as a possible mechanism related to the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test Molecular Identification and Localization Method,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics","volume":"11","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1986","unstructured":"OmuraY. Electro-magnetic resonance phenomenon as a possible mechanism related to the \u201cBi-Digital O-Ring Test Molecular Identification and Localization Method,\u201d Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics. The International J. 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The International J. Vol 12,139\u2013170, 1987","journal-title":"The International J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Circulatory factors, neurotransmitters, and other factors influencing pain before and after acupuncture or electrical stimulation","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1988","unstructured":"OmuraY. LoscoB.M. OmuraA.K. CookA.W. Circulatory factors, neurotransmitters, and other factors influencing pain before and after acupuncture or electrical stimulation, pp. 215\u2013230, in Pain and Reproduction (Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology Series, ed. by GenazzaniA.R. NappiG., FacchinettiF. and MartignoniE., The Parthenon Publishing Group, Lancs, U.K., 1988","journal-title":"Pain and Reproduction (Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology Series"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Unique changes found on the Qi Gong (Chi Gong) master's and patient's body during Qi Gong treatment: their relationships to certain meridians & acupuncture points and the re-creation of therapeutic Qi Gong states by children & adults, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1989","unstructured":"OmuraY. Unique changes found on the Qi Gong (Chi Gong) master's and patient's body during Qi Gong treatment: their relationships to certain meridians & acupuncture points and the re-creation of therapeutic Qi Gong states by children & adults, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics. The International J. 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Connections found between each meridian (heart, stomach, triple burner, etc.) & organ representation area of corresponding internal organs in each side of the cerebral cortex; release of common neurotransmitters and hormones unique to each meridian and corresponding acupuncture point & internal orgtan after acupuncture, electrical stimulation, mechanical stimulation (including shiatsu), soft laser stimulation or Qi Gong, Acupuncture & Electro-Theraoeutics. The International J. Vol 14,155\u2013186, 1989","journal-title":"The International J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Treatment of acute or chronic, severe, intractable pain and other intractable medical problems associated with unrecognized viral or bacterial infection: Pan I, Acupuncture & Electro-Theraoeutics","volume":"15","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1990","unstructured":"OmuraY. 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Storing of Qi Gong energy in various materials and drugs (Qi Gongnization): its clinical application for treatment of pain, circulatory disturbance, bacterial or viral infections, heavy metal deposits, and related intractable medical problems by selectively enhancing circulation and drug uptake, Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics. The International J., Vol 15,137\u2013157, 1990","journal-title":"The International J."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","article-title":"Simple non-invasive early detection and localization of specific cancer tissues of internal organs and differentiation of cancer tissue from surrounding areas infected by cancer related viruses","volume":"15","author":"Omura Y.","year":"1990","unstructured":"OmuraY. Simple non-invasive early detection and localization of specific cancer tissues of internal organs and differentiation of cancer tissue from surrounding areas infected by cancer related viruses, as well as evaluation of their micro-circulatory condition & drug uptake using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test, Acupuncture & Electro-Theraneutics. The International J. Vol 15, No. 3 & 4 (in press), 1990","journal-title":"as well as evaluation of their micro-circulatory condition & drug uptake using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test, Acupuncture & Electro-Theraneutics. The International J."}],"container-title":["Acupuncture &amp; Electro-Therapeutics Research: International Journal of Integrated Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3727\/036012991816358062","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3727\/036012991816358062","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3727\/036012991816358062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:50:31Z","timestamp":1777366231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3727\/036012991816358062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3727\/036012991816358062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/036012991816358062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1293","2167-9010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1293","type":"print"},{"value":"2167-9010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]}}}