{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:18:45Z","timestamp":1777371525674,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,1]],"date-time":"1994-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":775699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acupuncture &amp; Electro-Therapeutics Research: International Journal of Integrated Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>External qigong emitted by a quartz crystal upon application of electric current was evaluated by its biological effects, such as changes in frequency-analyzed electroencephalograms (EEG) in rabbits and spontaneous electrical activity of the rat pineal gland. Physical properties of this external qigong cannot be evaluated by currently available physical means. Three types of EEG changes were produced depending on the intensity of current applied to the crystal. These changes corresponded fairly well to the dose-dependent EEG changes after intravenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan. A qigong-containing medal also produced similar EEG changes depending on threshold to qigong. Human qigong similarly influenced EEG. All EEG changes disappeared after pinealectomy or after application of methysergide (10 mg\/kg), a serotonin antagonist. The rate of spontaneous electrical activity of the pineal gland was depressed by reorientation of the rat to the north or to the south, by qigong emitted by a quartz crystal, or by application of a qigong-containing medal. Human qigong also depressed this electrical activity. The EEG changes produced by external qigong might be caused by increased serotonin concentration in the pineal gland, since the pineal gland is responsive to qigong as well as the earth\u2019s magnetic field, which is known to inhibit N-acetyltransferase by increasing serotonin concentration in the pineal gland. Hence, the finding that current-intensity-dependent EEG changes induced by quartz crystal-emitted qigong were analogous to dose-dependent EEG changes produced by 5-hydroxytryptophan might be attributed to increased serotonin levels by current-intensity-dependent inhibition of N-acetyltransferase by external qigong.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3727\/036012994816357303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T00:29:30Z","timestamp":1446510570000},"page":"89-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL AND HUMAN EXTERNAL QIGONG ON ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS IN RABBIT AND SPONTANEOUS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE RAT PINEAL GLAND"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chifuyu","family":"Takeshige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Emeritus and former Chairman of Dept. of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan 142"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. of Dept. of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, Chubu University, Matsumotocho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, Japan 487"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"EEG and topography during Chinese \u201cQigong\u201d training","volume":"16","author":"Kawano K","year":"1990","unstructured":"1)Kawano K, Koito H, Fujiki T, Shinagawa Y. EEG and topography during Chinese \u201cQigong\u201d training. Neurosciences Vol.16, 503-508, 1990.","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","article-title":"Pineal body mediation in EEG change caused by Qigong","author":"Takeshige c","unstructured":"2)Takeshige c. Pineal body mediation in EEG change caused by Qigong. Brain Res. Bull. (in press)","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901010307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90552-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"426","article-title":"Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland","volume":"50","author":"Welker HA","year":"1983","unstructured":"5)Welker HA, Semm p, Willing RP, Commentz JC, Wiltschko w, Vollrath L. Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland. Exp. Brain Res. Vol.50, 426-432, 1983.","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Serotonin","author":"Segawa T","year":"1984","unstructured":"6)Segawa T. Serotonin, pp.50, Chugaiigaku, Tokyo, 1984."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012993816357494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-6206-7_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Pineal chemistry in cellular and physiological mechanisms","author":"Quay WB","year":"1974","unstructured":"9)Quay WB. Pineal chemistry in cellular and physiological mechanisms. pp.133-197, Springfield (Illinois, U.S.A.): C.C Thomas, 1974."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Effect of static magnetic field on some enzymes activities in rats","volume":"33","author":"Gorczynska E","year":"1989","unstructured":"10)Gorczynska E, Wegrzynowicz R. Effect of static magnetic field on some enzymes activities in rats. J . Hyg. Epidemiol Microbiol. Immunol. Vol.33, 149-155, 1989.","journal-title":"J . Hyg. Epidemiol Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012989816358506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012992816357774"}],"container-title":["Acupuncture &amp; Electro-Therapeutics Research: International Journal of Integrated Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3727\/036012994816357303","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3727\/036012994816357303","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3727\/036012994816357303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:50:45Z","timestamp":1777366245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3727\/036012994816357303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3727\/036012994816357303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/036012994816357303","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1293","2167-9010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1293","type":"print"},{"value":"2167-9010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]}}}