{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:12:47Z","timestamp":1777511567030,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Transplant"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    An increasing number of patients have refractory angina despite optimal medical therapy and are without further revascularization options. Preclinical studies indicate that human CD34\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    stem cells can stimulate new blood vessel formation in ischemic myocardium, improving perfusion and function. In ACT34-CMI ( N = 167), patients treated with autologous CD34\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    stem cells had improvements in angina and exercise time at 6 and 12 months compared to placebo; however, the longer-term effects of this treatment are unknown. ACT34 was a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing placebo, low dose (1 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD34\/kg body weight), and high dose (5 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD34\/kg) using intramyocardial delivery into the ischemic zone following NOGA\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    mapping. To obtain longer-term safety and efficacy in these patients, we compiled data of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; death, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, or heart failure hospitalization) up to 24 months as well as angina and quality of life assessments in patients who consented for 24-month follow-up. A total of 167 patients with class III\u2013IV refractory angina were randomized and completed the injection procedure. The low-dose-treated patients had a significant reduction in angina frequency ( p = 0.02, 0.035) and improvements in exercise tolerance testing (ETT) time ( p = 0.014, 0.017) compared to the placebo group at 6 and 12 months. At 24 months, patients treated with both low-and high-dose CD34\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells had significant reduction in angina frequency ( p = 0.03). At 24 months, there were a total of seven deaths (12.5%) in the control group versus one (1.8%) in the low-dose and two (3.6%) in the high-dose ( p = 0.08) groups. At 2 years, MACE occurred at a rate of 33.9%, 21.8%, and 16.2% in control, low-, and high-dose patients, respectively ( p = 0.08). Autologous CD34\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell therapy was associated with persistent improvement in angina at 2 years and a trend for reduction in mortality in no-option patients with refractory angina.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916x691484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]],"date-time":"2016-05-05T02:35:21Z","timestamp":1462415721000},"page":"1701-1711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Autologous CD34\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Cell Therapy for Refractory Angina: 2-Year Outcomes from the ACT34-CMI Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Henry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Schaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay H.","family":"Traverse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Povsic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joon Sup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco A.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Bass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UF Health Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farrell","family":"Mendelsohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology P.C., Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. David","family":"Fortuin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Pepine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah Health Care, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aptinyx Inc., Evanston, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candice","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caladrius Biosciences Inc., New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxalta Healthcare, Bannockburn, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean J.","family":"Kereiakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Christ Hospital Health Network, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Schatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Losordo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caladrius Biosciences Inc., New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht165"},{"key":"bibr2-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.200"},{"key":"bibr3-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2706"},{"key":"bibr4-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2011.07.007"},{"key":"bibr5-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064669"},{"key":"bibr6-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.03.021"},{"key":"bibr7-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.12.003"},{"key":"bibr8-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000128596.49339.05"},{"key":"bibr9-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5302.964"},{"key":"bibr10-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.541268"},{"key":"bibr11-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.644518"},{"key":"bibr12-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.687376"},{"key":"bibr13-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.245993"},{"key":"bibr14-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.115786"},{"key":"bibr15-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001287"},{"key":"bibr16-096368916X691484","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22431","volume":"75","author":"Williams 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