{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:27:08Z","timestamp":1789388828260,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Premise of the study:<\/jats:italic> Closing gaps in the fossil record and elucidating phylogenetic relationships of mostly incomplete fossils are major challenges in the reconstruction of the diversification of fern lineages through time. The cosmopolitan family Dryopteridaceae represents one of the most species\u2010rich families of leptosporangiate ferns, yet its fossil record is sparse and poorly understood. Here, we describe a fern inclusion in Miocene Dominican amber and investigate its relationships to extant Dryopteridaceae.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> The morphology of the fossil was compared with descriptions of extant ferns, resulting in it being tentatively assigned to the bolbitidoid fern genus <jats:italic>Elaphoglossum<\/jats:italic>. This assignment was confirmed by reconstructing the evolution of the morphological characters preserved in the inclusion on a molecular phylogeny of 158 extant bolbitidoid ferns. To assess the morphology\u2010based assignment of the fossil to <jats:italic>Elaphoglossum<\/jats:italic>, we examined DNA\u2010calibrated divergence time estimates against the age of the amber deposits from which it came.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Key results:<\/jats:italic> The fossil belongs to <jats:italic>Elaphoglossum<\/jats:italic> and is the first of a bolbitidoid fern. Its assignment to a particular section of <jats:italic>Elaphoglossum<\/jats:italic> could not be determined; however, sects. <jats:italic>Lepidoglossa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Polytrichia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Setosa<\/jats:italic> can be discounted because the fossil lacks subulate scales or scales with acicular marginal hairs. Thus, the fossil might belong to either sects. <jats:italic>Amygdalifolia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Wrightiana<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Elaphoglossum<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>Squamipedia<\/jats:italic> or to an extinct lineage.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> The discovery of a Miocene <jats:italic>Elaphoglossum<\/jats:italic> fossil provides remarkable support to current molecular clock\u2010based estimates of the diversification of these ferns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1400262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:46:08Z","timestamp":1411001168000},"page":"1466-1475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The first fossil of a bolbitidoid fern belongs to the early\u2010divergent lineages of <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i> (Dryopteridaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Josmaily","family":"L\u00f3riga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbin C.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Feldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Heinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.19.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02812700"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040088"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1639\/0007-2745(2005)108[0526:ANCTTM]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"4449","article-title":"Grammitis succinea, the first new world fern found in amber","volume":"7772","author":"G\u00f3mez L. 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