{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:26:26Z","timestamp":1776396386500,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]],"date-time":"2015-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005319","name":"Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PREMISE OF THE STUDY:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Species richness and diversity may increase with spatial scale related to increased area and heterogeneity of habitat. Yet, in bidirectional hydrologically connected tidal ecosystems, secondary dispersal via hydrochory has the potential to homogenize seed banks, and both life history characteristics and tolerances to environmental conditions influence the composition of plant communities. How species richness, diversity, and composition of seed banks and vegetation change along environmental gradients and at different spatial scales is not well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explored the relationships of seed bank and vegetation diversity across 135 plots along a tidal freshwater river in the Delaware Estuary, USA. Species richness and diversity were partitioned across three hierarchical spatial scales: individual plots, transects perpendicular to the tidal channel, and river kilometers. Community structure was also examined as it related to distance from the tidal channel and location along the tidal river.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>KEY RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Species richness was 89 in the seed bank and 54 in the vegetation. Species\u2010area relationships revealed that species richness reached a near maximum asymptote inland (20 m from channel) for the seed bank and at the edge (0 m) for the vegetation. Rare occurrences of species in the seed bank and vegetation were greatest 5 m from the channel edge. As spatial scale increased, seed bank richness increased, associated with the progressive accumulation of species. Seed bank diversity, however, was maximized within small plot areas and along the river. Diversity of the vegetation was maximized locally due to the abundance of a few common species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that suites of common species contributed to high localized vegetation diversity, yet large spatial scales maximized the number and diversity of species in the seed bank and vegetation through rare encounters, as well as the complexity of the landscape.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1500314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]],"date-time":"2015-12-11T22:59:11Z","timestamp":1449874751000},"page":"1996-2012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Patterns of seed bank and vegetation diversity along a tidal freshwater river"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Tracy","family":"Elsey\u2010Quirk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Allessio","family":"Leck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rra.1489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:UECO.0000036265.86125.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"A. H. Baldwin 2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/0277-5212(2001)021[0519:HCAVOT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2010.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-013-9626-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-012-9732-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-0477.2004.00906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2427.1998.00273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"J. E. Brower J. H. Zar C. N. Ende 1998 McGraw\u2010Hill Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2006.01178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"R. L. Chazdon R. K. Colwell J. S. Denslow M. R. Guariguata 1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"K. R. Clarke R. N. Gorley 2006 PRIMER\u2010E Plymouth UK"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"K. R. Clarke R. M. Warwick 2001 PRIMER\u2010E Plymouth UK"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Colwell R. K.2013.EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 9. User's guide and application. Websitehttp:\/\/purl.oclc.org\/estimates."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/03-0557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03161765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"DVRPC.2004. Sea\u2010level Rise Impacts in the Delaware Estuary of Pennsylvania. Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission.http:\/\/www.dvrpc.org\/reports\/04037.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2012.0287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008480116062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1997.96144.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2003.00830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2003.01465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2012.01445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/0277-5212(2002)022[0696:PASSDO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2265659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11258-009-9583-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/07-117.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2009.01083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0587.2003.03554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2006.0030-1299.14714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023278328077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026505817409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3545743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2996306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/9-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/pls050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"M. A. Leck C. M. Crain 2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1979.tb06315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3159\/1095-5674(2005)132[323:VPOADR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","unstructured":"M. A. Leck V. T. Parker R. L. Simpson 1989 Academic Press. San Diego California USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3770(94)90049-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1995.tb13857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plants of the Hamilton Marshes, a Delaware River freshwater tidal wetland","volume":"54","author":"Leck M. A.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bartonia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13157-013-0461-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2000.00127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","unstructured":"B. A. Middleton 2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2006.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)01874-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.2008.00415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","first-page":"1970","article-title":"National coastal population report","author":"NOAA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Population Trends"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","unstructured":"W. E. Odum T. J. Smith J. K. Hoover C. C. Melvor 1984 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS\/OBS\u201083\/17 Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","first-page":"859","article-title":"Rates of sediment accumulation in a tidal freshwater marsh","volume":"60","author":"Orson R. A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3119\/0035-4902(2007)109[1:AMONN]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2013.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08280.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","unstructured":"V. T. Parker R. L. Simpson M. A. Leck 2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3546327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(01)00139-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/0277-5212(2000)020<0520:BOAUCB>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03161737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.91.8.1251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2003.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3159\/1095-5674(2006)133[566:COUVCO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/0277-5212(2000)020[0280:CAEOPA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3170\/2008-8-18359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.12011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-012-0265-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2012.01988.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1941261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. H. Sharp 1988","DOI":"10.1049\/cm.1988.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2012.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-009-9757-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.94.7.1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1309038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08920759209362183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","unstructured":"J. C. Stevenson J. E. Rooth K. L. Sundberg M. S. Kearney 2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","unstructured":"E. Struyf S. Jacobs P. Meire K. Jensen A. Barendregt 2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-012-9568-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2011.02063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","unstructured":"USDA.2014. PLANTS database. National Plant Data Team United States Department of Agriculture National Resources Conservation Service Greensboro North Carolina USA. Websitehttp:\/\/plants.usda.gov\/[accessed 11 November 2014]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1937737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","unstructured":"Veech J. A. andT. O.Crist.2009. PARTITION: Software for hierarchical partitioning of species diversity version 3.0. Websitehttp:\/\/www.users.muohio.edu\/cristto\/partition.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2002.990101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2013.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","unstructured":"D. F. Whigham A. H. Baldwin C. W. Swarth 2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","unstructured":"D. F. Whigham R. L. Simpson 1975 Rider College Trenton New Jersey USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Annual variation in biomass and production of a tidal freshwater wetland and comparison with other wetland systems","volume":"43","author":"Whigham D. F.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virginia Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.2001.00563.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3732%2Fajb.1500314","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3732\/ajb.1500314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T16:22:53Z","timestamp":1759854173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3732\/ajb.1500314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3732\/ajb.1500314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/ajb.1500314","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9122","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}