{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:24:47Z","timestamp":1762251887606,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 1050340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 1050340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Premise of the Study:<\/jats:italic> This study of <jats:italic>Zamia<\/jats:italic> in Puerto Rico is the most intensive population genetics investigation of a cycad to date in terms of number of markers, and one of few microsatellite DNA studies of plants from the highly critical Caribbean biodiversity hotspot. Three distinctive <jats:italic>Zamia<\/jats:italic> taxa occur on the island: <jats:italic>Z. erosa<\/jats:italic> on the north coast, and <jats:italic>Z. portoricensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z. pumila<\/jats:italic>, both in the south. Their relationships are largely unknown. We tested three hypotheses about their genetic diversity, including the possibility of multiple introductions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> We used 31 microsatellite loci across 10 populations and analyzed the data with AMOVA, Bayesian clustering, and ABC coalescent modeling.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Key Results:<\/jats:italic> Puerto Rican zamias exhibit an amalgam of patterns of genetic differentiation that have been reported for cycads. Overall, the taxa are slightly inbred, with high infra\u2010populational variation and little evidence of recent bottlenecks. <jats:italic>Zamia erosa<\/jats:italic> exhibits a more than threefold greater degree of population differentiation than the other two taxa. Admixture is evident only between <jats:italic>Z. portoricensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z. pumila<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Zamia portoricensis<\/jats:italic> is inferred to be the youngest taxon on the island, on the basis of estimates of coalescence time and effective population size. A selective sweep may be underway in a small population of <jats:italic>Z. erosa<\/jats:italic> in a saline environment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Conclusions: Zamia erosa<\/jats:italic> may represent an independent introduction into Puerto Rico; <jats:italic>Z. portoricensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z. pumila<\/jats:italic> fit a scenario of allopatric speciation. This will be explored further in the context of genetic analysis across the entire Caribbean region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1200494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,2]],"date-time":"2012-11-02T02:09:47Z","timestamp":1351822187000},"page":"1828-1839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["<i>Zamia<\/i> (Cycadales: Zamiaceae) on Puerto Rico: Asymmetric genetic differentiation and the hypothesis of multiple introductions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Alan W.","family":"Meerow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Francisco\u2010Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Calonje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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