{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:08:56Z","timestamp":1764828536840,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008510","name":"University of Maryland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>PREMISE OF THE STUDY:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upon pollination, dehydrated pollen grains take water out of the stigma surface, an event that constitutes the first functional checkpoint of sexual reproduction in higher plants. Little is known about possible functional connections between rehydration speed and further steps of fertilization. Here we addressed the mechanisms of water uptake control by dehydrated pollen grains. Because dehydrated cells have no energy\u2010driven active mechanism such as membrane\u2010based osmoregulation for controlling water movement, we tested the hypothesis that another mechanism might exist, namely, the use of hydrogel\u2010behaving molecules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed an imaging protocol to visualize and quantify the rate of water entry into pollen grains of <jats:italic>Eucalyptus globulus<\/jats:italic> and tested the influence of different treatments linked to hydrogel\u2010behaving molecules. We complemented these analyses by immunostaining pectins in the pollen grain with monoclonal antibodies JIM5 and JIM7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>KEY RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Water entry seemed to proceed exclusively through the germination apertures of the pollen grain, and the changes observed in different hydration media are compatible with hydrogel behavior. When JIM5 and JIM7 were used to characterize pectins on the germination apertures during hydration, pectin localization and esterification changed during hydration and were affected by the hydration solutions. These results suggest that chemical modification of the pectins may change their hydrogel behavior, thus modifying the hydration speed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hydrogel behavior of pectins and pectin localization on apertures strongly suggest that pectins act like \u201cvalves\u201d for water entry, enabling a regulated process of water uptake into the dehydrated pollen grain. We propose that this regulation evolved in terms of achieving the correct self\u2010organization of molecules and cellular components to resume metabolism and pollen tube growth, especially in species that are subject to demanding environmental water stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1500373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1457563725000},"page":"437-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Hydrogel control of water uptake by pectins during in vitro pollen hydration of <i>Eucalyptus globulus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Feij\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Immunolocalisation of arabinogalactan proteins and pectins in Actinidia deliciosa pollen","volume":"224","author":"Abreu I.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1500248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020389432492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-6946(01)00127-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35007047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.052023lb"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.059865"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1963.tb06564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2004.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(03)00272-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.2.520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2003.27.011","article-title":"Distribution of pectins in the pollen apertures of Oenothera hookeri.velans ster\/+ster","volume":"27","author":"Halac I. N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228756"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.101220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.179523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/jbiol233"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcs070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.121.3.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-005X(00)00056-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(73)80770-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61072-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520297009085351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.73.1.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(00)00416-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.2001.2358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1393519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp021161n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.19.13098"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.027631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00193004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/417388a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228487"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01280289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.118.3.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(01)02045-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02673869"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-005X(01)00089-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2317\/E-24.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2012.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2004.03222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la040084f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.104.057935"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","unstructured":"G. H. Pollack 2001 Ebner & Sons Seattle Washington USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.6.974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1500301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","unstructured":"V. R. Raghavan 1997 Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2004.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00113-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","unstructured":"C. Rolin J. De Vries 1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.021873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.06.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00497-001-0121-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0181-124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.48.1.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbo.2000.1359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","unstructured":"I. K. Vasil 1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/23.5.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-005X(03)00124-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010662911148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0981-9428(00)00170-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/pls010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01344-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/33929"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-010-1136-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1057175"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3732%2Fajb.1500373","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3732\/ajb.1500373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T18:23:23Z","timestamp":1759861403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3732\/ajb.1500373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3732\/ajb.1500373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/ajb.1500373","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9122"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-2197"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}