{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T14:43:46Z","timestamp":1792421026329,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combination immune checkpoint blockade with concurrent administration of the anti-CTLA4 antibody ipilimumab and the anti\u2013PD-1 antibody nivolumab has demonstrated impressive responses in patients with advanced melanoma and other diseases. That combination has also been associated with increased toxicity, including rare immune-related adverse events. Here we describe a case of fatal steroid-refractory myocarditis and panmyositis associated with the use of this combination in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Correlative studies indicated increased levels of serum interleukin 6 in this patient at the onset of toxicity, suggesting a possible role for anti\u2013interleukin 6 receptor antibodies in the treatment of subsequent cases of this rare, but fatal, toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3747\/co.26.4381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T16:55:14Z","timestamp":1563987314000},"page":"418-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Fatal Myocarditis and Rhabdomyositis in a Patient with Stage Iv Melanoma Treated with Combined Ipilimumab and Nivolumab"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"S. D.","family":"Saibil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Sotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cybulsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. O.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/current-oncology.com\/index.php\/oncology\/article\/viewFile\/4381\/3737","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/current-oncology.com\/index.php\/oncology\/article\/viewFile\/4381\/3805","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/26\/3\/4381\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T13:24:55Z","timestamp":1613741095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/26\/3\/4381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["co.26.4381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3747\/co.26.4381","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1718-7729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]}}}