{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T03:39:47Z","timestamp":1785555587036,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perit Dial Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter, multi-country randomized controlled trial (the balANZ study) recently reported that peritonitis rates significantly improved with the use of neutral-pH peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions low in glucose degradation products (\u201cbiocompatible\u201d) compared with standard solutions. The present paper reports a secondary outcome analysis of the balANZ trial with respect to peritonitis microbiology, treatment, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult incident PD patients with residual renal function were randomized to receive either biocompatible or conventional (control) PD solutions for 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The safety population analysis for peritonitis included 91 patients in each group. The unadjusted geometric mean peritonitis rates in those groups were 0.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22 to 0.41] episodes per patient\u2013year for the biocompatible group and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.62) episodes per patient\u2013year for the control group [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.90; p = 0.01]. When specific causative organisms were examined, the rates of culture-negative, gram-positive, gram-negative, and polymicrobial peritonitis episodes were not significantly different between the biocompatible and control groups, although the biocompatible group did experience a significantly lower rate of non-pseudomonal gram-negative peritonitis (IRR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.92; p = 0.03). Initial empiric antibiotic regimens were comparable between the groups. Biocompatible fluid use did not significantly reduce the risk of peritonitis-associated hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.34), but did result in a shorter median duration of peritonitis-associated hospitalization (6 days vs 11 days, p = 0.05). Peritonitis severity was more likely to be rated as mild in the biocompatible group (37% vs 10%, p = 0.001). Overall peritonitis-associated technique failures and peritonitis-related deaths were comparable in the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biocompatible PD fluid use was associated with a broad reduction in gram-positive, gram-negative, and culture-negative peritonitis that reached statistical significance for non-pseudomonal gram-negative organisms. Peritonitis hospitalization duration was shorter, and peritonitis severity was more commonly rated as mild in patients receiving biocompatible PD fluids, although other peritonitis outcomes were comparable between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2012.00052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]],"date-time":"2012-09-18T15:38:37Z","timestamp":1347982717000},"page":"497-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The Effects of Biocompatible Compared with Standard Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on Peritonitis Microbiology, Treatment, and Outcomes: The\n                    <i>Bal<\/i>\n                    anz Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"name":"The balANZ Trial Writing Committee:","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology,"},{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital, and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Fresenius Medical Care, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Boudville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony J.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia, Perth, and Central Northern Adelaide and Renal Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie W.Y.","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Hunter Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemant","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle, Fremantle Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Langham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fremantle, St. Vincent's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwarakanathan","family":"Ranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital, and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne, and Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Schollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Suranyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seng H.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Singapore"},{"name":"Changi General Hospital, Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Singapore"},{"name":"S.H. Tan Kidney and Medical Clinic, Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp322"},{"key":"bibr2-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp641"},{"key":"bibr3-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq222"},{"key":"bibr4-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2008.00258"},{"key":"bibr5-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.149"},{"key":"bibr6-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-10-19"},{"key":"bibr7-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.202"},{"key":"bibr8-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00010109"},{"key":"bibr9-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.11.015"},{"key":"bibr10-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2010.00131"},{"key":"bibr11-pdi.2012.00052","first-page":"87","volume-title":"ANZDATA Registry Report 2006.","author":"Johnson D.W.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr12-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.19103"},{"key":"bibr13-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000037"},{"key":"bibr14-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000257"},{"key":"bibr15-pdi.2012.00052","first-page":"29","volume":"36","author":"Bernardini J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"bibr16-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.20220"},{"key":"bibr17-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089701702S08"},{"key":"bibr18-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089601601S24"},{"key":"bibr19-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502503S08"},{"key":"bibr20-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-5-14"},{"key":"bibr21-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000060681.91079.30"},{"key":"bibr22-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00178.x"},{"key":"bibr23-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00115.x"},{"key":"bibr24-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00879.x"},{"key":"bibr25-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00237.x"},{"key":"bibr26-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.08809.x"},{"key":"bibr27-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121201"},{"key":"bibr28-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-11-25"},{"key":"bibr29-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2010.00049"},{"key":"bibr30-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2011.00057"},{"key":"bibr31-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.03.022"},{"key":"bibr32-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500203"},{"key":"bibr33-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl848"},{"key":"bibr34-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080802800616"},{"key":"bibr35-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080002000506"},{"key":"bibr36-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00747.x"},{"key":"bibr37-pdi.2012.00052","first-page":"170","volume":"20","author":"le Poole C.Y.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Perit Dial"},{"key":"bibr38-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl559"},{"key":"bibr39-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080802800214"},{"key":"bibr40-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002574"},{"key":"bibr41-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080902900610"},{"key":"bibr42-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp054"},{"key":"bibr43-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq087"},{"key":"bibr44-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.244"},{"key":"bibr45-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.08807.x"},{"key":"bibr46-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2011.00072"},{"key":"bibr47-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080402400202"},{"key":"bibr48-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080402400105"},{"key":"bibr49-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00362-7"},{"key":"bibr50-pdi.2012.00052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm242"}],"container-title":["Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3747\/pdi.2012.00052","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3747\/pdi.2012.00052","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3747\/pdi.2012.00052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:20:04Z","timestamp":1777612804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3747\/pdi.2012.00052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3747\/pdi.2012.00052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3747\/pdi.2012.00052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-8608","1718-4304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-8608","type":"print"},{"value":"1718-4304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}