{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:30:19Z","timestamp":1793349019809,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perit Dial Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fluid overload probably contributes to the cardiovascular risk of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We studied the relationship between over-hydration as determined by bioimpedance spectroscopy and dialysis adequacy, nutritional status, and arterial stiffness in Chinese PD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 122 asymptomatic prevalent PD patients: bioimpedance spectroscopy, arterial pulse wave velocity, dialysis adequacy and nutritional status were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 122 patients, 88 (72.1%) had over-hydration of \u2265 1 L, while 25 (20.5%) were \u2265 5 L. Over-hydration significantly correlated with total body water (r = 0.474, p &lt; 0.001) and extracellular water (r = 0.755, p &lt; 0.001). Over-hydration was more severe in male and diabetic patients, and significantly correlated with Charlson's comorbidity score, blood pressure, body mass index, body weight, peritoneal transport characteristics, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Over-hydration significantly correlated with Kt\/V (r = -0.287, p = 0.016), serum albumin level (r = -0.465, p &lt; 0.001) and malnutrition inflammation score (r = 0.410, p = 0.006), but not residual renal function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over-hydration is common in asymptomatic Chinese PD patients. The degree of over-hydration is particularly pronounced in patients who are inadequately dialyzed, have multiple comorbid conditions and low serum albumin levels. Over-hydration is associated with high blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and may contribute to the excessive risk of cardiovascular disease in this group of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2013.00066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T22:17:03Z","timestamp":1388701023000},"page":"409-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Bioimpedance Spectroscopy for the Detection of Fluid Overload in Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Bonnie Ching-Ha","family":"Kwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheuk-Chun","family":"Szeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man-Ching","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei Shan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Bon","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing-Fai","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie Wai-Ki","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip Kam-Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pdi.2013.00066","unstructured":"USRDS 2012 Annual Data Report. 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