{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T02:21:56Z","timestamp":1780971716131,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perit Dial Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An approach to hyponatremia in uremic patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) necessitates the assessment of intra-cellular fluid volume (ICV) and extracellular volume (ECV). The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of plasma sodium (Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) concentration and body fluid composition and identify the causes of hyponatremia in non-diabetic PD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty non-diabetic uremic patients on PD were enrolled. Baseline body fluid composition, biochemistry, hand-grip test, peritoneal membrane characteristics, dialysis adequacy, Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and water balance, and residual renal function (RRF) were measured. These parameters were reevaluated for those who developed hyponatremia, defined as serum Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      concentration &lt; 132 mmol\/L and a decline in serum Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 7 mmol\/L, during monthly visits for 1 year. Body fluid composition was determined by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant correlation between serum Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      concentrations and any other parameters except a negative correction with overnight ultrafiltration (UF) amount ( p = 0.02). The ICV\/ECV ratio was positively correlated with serum albumin ( p &lt; 0.005) and hand grip strength ( p &lt; 0.05). Over 1 year, 9 patients (M:F = 3:6, aged 35 \u2013 77) with 4 different etiologies of hyponatremia were identified. Hyponatremic patients with a body weight (BW) loss had either an increased ICV\/ECV ratio associated with primarily a negative Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      balance ( n = 2) or a reduced ratio of ICV\/ECV associated with malnutrition ( n = 2). In contrast, hyponatremic patients with a BW gain had either a reduced ICV\/ECV ratio associated with a rapid loss of RRF and a higher peritoneal permeability ( n = 2) or a normal to increased ICV\/ECV ratio associated with high water intake ( n = 3).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Besides BW change and ultrafiltration rate, the assessment of ICV\/ECV ratio is valuable in identifying the etiologies of hyponatremia in PD and provides a guide for optimal therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2014.00239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T22:10:04Z","timestamp":1442355004000},"page":"196-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluating Hyponatremia in Non-Diabetic Uremic Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ming-Tso","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Jen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chwei-Shiun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Jeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Hua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.07.006"},{"key":"bibr2-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080102100111"},{"key":"bibr3-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080102100103"},{"key":"bibr4-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2012.00201"},{"key":"bibr5-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2010.00789.x"},{"key":"bibr6-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080702700504"},{"key":"bibr7-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502503S12"},{"key":"bibr8-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq588"},{"key":"bibr9-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080702702s42"},{"key":"bibr10-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002585"},{"key":"bibr11-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686088700700306"},{"key":"bibr12-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.1.91"},{"key":"bibr13-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080702702s24"},{"key":"bibr14-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2012.00095"},{"key":"bibr15-pdi.2014.00239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2009.00178"},{"key":"bibr16-pdi.2014.00239","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Fluid 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