{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:13:33Z","timestamp":1778134413267,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i19.2991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T07:10:49Z","timestamp":1458112249000},"page":"2991","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric cancer A review of the epidemiological, meta-analytic, and experimental evidence"],"prefix":"10.3748","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Guy D","family":"Eslick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2060","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet 1983;1:1273-1275.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92719-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-60013-5_1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71459-8"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Schistosomes , liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon, 7-14 June 1994. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 1994;61:1-241."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309098245"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-199309000-00003"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19960904)67:5&lt;603::AID-IJC2&gt;3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00391.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609036884"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70143-X"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.083"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HILL AB. THE ENVIRONMENT AND DISEASE: ASSOCIATION OR CAUSATION. Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:295-300.","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505800503"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Koch R. Die Aetiologie der Tuberkulose. Berl Klin Wochenschr 1882;19:221-230."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Evans AS. Causation and disease: a chronological journey. The Thomas Parran Lecture. Am J Epidemiol 1978;108:249-258."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70422-6"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Last JM. Dictionary of Epidemiology. 4th ed UK: Oxford University Press; 2001;."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01360.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00546.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950615)75:12&lt;2789::AID-CNCR2820751202&gt;3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01333.x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00598-4"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018842527111"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202753387455"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Tunca A, T&uuml;rkay C, Tekin O, Kargili A, Erbayrak M. Is Helicobacter pylori infection a risk factor for migraine A case-control study. Acta Neurol Belg 2004;104:161-164."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03604.x"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2004.01.011"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2004.04.005"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90426-3"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-1615-z"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655299750025787"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1267"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(96)90223-6"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.50224.x"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01144.x"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.117255"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2005.00317.x"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200110000-00010"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200311000-00021"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Rosenstock SJ, J&oslash;rgensen T, Andersen LP, Bonnevie O. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with lifestyle, chronic disease, body-indices, and age at menarche in Danish adults. Scand J Public Health 2000;28:32-40."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200308000-00014"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.012"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-4389.2004.00249.x"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011684"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Patal P, Gasbarrini G, Pretolani S, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F. Extradigestive diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 1997;13:52-55."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.9.925"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026677728175"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01052.x"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.01.007"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.037"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)80012-1"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.615"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199302000-00004"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2003.00188.x"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.1.219"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/95.8.519"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Roosendaal R, Kuipers EJ, Buitenwerf J, van Uffelen C, Meuwissen SG, van Kamp GJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM. Helicobacter pylori and the birth cohort effect: evidence of a continuous decrease of infection rates in childhood. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:1480-1482."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.2.434"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-4389.2004.00221.x"},{"key":"ref59","unstructured":"Xia HH, Talley NJ. Natural acquisition and spontaneous elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection: clinical implications. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:1780-1787."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.50043.x"},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"Virchow R. Cellular Pathology London: John Churchill; 1860;."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04046-0"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1046"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moss SF, Blaser MJ. Mechanisms of disease: Inflammation and the origins of cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005;2:90-97; quiz 1 p following 113.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc0081"},{"key":"ref65","unstructured":"Pisani P, Parkin DM, Mu\u00f1oz N, Ferlay J. Cancer and infection: estimates of the attributable fraction in 1990. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997;6:387-400."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)91524-7"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(98)80056-8"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1997.1790728.x"},{"key":"ref69","unstructured":"Kew MC. The hepatitis B virus and the genesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. GI Cancer 1996;1:143-148."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997879"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91315-1"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700160107"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(00)00225-4"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03147.x"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1141"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc703"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(00)02240-1"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyf078"},{"key":"ref79","unstructured":"Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/new.paho.org\/hq\/dmdocuments\/2009\/Training%20for%20trainers%20on%20Cancer%20Registration%20and%20data%20evaluation_IARC.pdf\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\">http:\/\/new.paho.org\/hq\/dmdocuments\/2009\/Training%20for%20trainers%20on%20Cancer%20Registration%20and%20data%20evaluation_IARC.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11306"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.2001.00044.x"},{"key":"ref82","unstructured":"Masci E, Viale E, Freschi M, Porcellati M, Tittobello A. Precancerous gastric lesions and Helicobacter pylori. Hepatogastroenterology 1996;43:854-858."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8898634"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.2.112"},{"key":"ref85","unstructured":"Shimizu N, Ikehara Y, Inada K, Nakanishi H, Tsukamoto T, Nozaki K, Kaminishi M, Kuramoto S, Sugiyama A, Katsuyama T. Eradication diminishes enhancing effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on glandular stomach carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. Cancer Res 2000;60:1512-1514."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.2.187"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.2.244"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02459.x"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.1.2"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02039.x"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.17.s2.13.x"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue FB, Xu YY, Wan Y, Pan BR, Ren J, Fan DM. Association of H. pylori infection with gastric carcinoma: a Meta analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2001;7:801-804.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v7.i6.801"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.16.s4.14.x"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.08.033"},{"key":"ref95","unstructured":"Forman D. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1992;4 suppl 2:S31-S35."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.4.669"},{"key":"ref97","unstructured":"Sugiyama A, Maruta F, Ikeno T, Ishida K, Kawasaki S, Katsuyama T, Shimizu N, Tatematsu M. Helicobacter pylori infection enhances N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced stomach carcinogenesis in the Mongolian gerbil. Cancer Res 1998;58:2067-2069."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.7.1261"},{"key":"ref99","unstructured":"Honda S, Fujioka T, Tokieda M, Satoh R, Nishizono A, Nasu M. Development of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinoma in Mongolian gerbils. Cancer Res 1998;58:4255-4259."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050295"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ. Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. Med J Aust 1985;142:436-439.","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113443.x"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall BJ, McGechie DB, Rogers PA, Glancy RJ. Pyloric Campylobacter infection and gastroduodenal disease. Med J Aust 1985;142:439-444.","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113444.x"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70159-3"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/83.23.1734"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8271"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.11.011"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T06:05:41Z","timestamp":1600322741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v12\/i19\/2991.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v12.i19.2991","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-9327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-9327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006]]}}}