{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:26:31Z","timestamp":1777699591536,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T02:16:42Z","timestamp":1244168202000},"page":"2579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3748","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Regina Maria","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robson Augusto Souza dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filipi Leles da Costa","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro Martins","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cristina Sim\u00f5es e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2060","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bataller R, Brenner DA. Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2005;115:209-218.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman SL. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology 2008;134:1655-1669.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malhi H, Gores GJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver injury. Gastroenterology 2008;134:1641-1654.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman SL. Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver. Physiol Rev 2008;88:125-172.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2007"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iredale JP, Benyon RC, Pickering J, McCullen M, Northrop M, Pawley S, Hovell C, Arthur MJ. Mechanisms of spontaneous resolution of rat liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and reduced hepatic expression of metalloproteinase inhibitors. J Clin Invest 1998;102:538-549.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1018"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang C, Zeisberg M, Mosterman B, Sudhakar A, Yerramalla U, Holthaus K, Xu L, Eng F, Afdhal N, Kalluri R. Liver fibrosis: insights into migration of hepatic stellate cells in response to extracellular matrix and growth factors. Gastroenterology 2003;124:147-159.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50012"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachem MG, Meyer D, Melchior R, Sell KM, Gressner AM. Activation of rat liver perisinusoidal lipocytes by transforming growth factors derived from myofibroblastlike cells. A potential mechanism of self perpetuation in liver fibrogenesis. J Clin Invest 1992;89:19-27.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115561"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell JS, Hughes SD, Gilbertson DG, Palmer TE, Holdren MS, Haran AC, Odell MM, Bauer RL, Ren HP, Haugen HS. Platelet-derived growth factor C induces liver fibrosis, steatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:3389-3394.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409722102"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muddu AK, Guha IN, Elsharkawy AM, Mann DA. Resolving fibrosis in the diseased liver: translating the scientific promise to the clinic. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007;39:695-714.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.10.006"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Iredale J. Recent developments in targeting liver fibrosis. Clin Med 2008;8:29-31."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemmann S, Graf J, Roderfeld M, Roeb E. Expression of MMPs and TIMPs in liver fibrosis - a systematic review with special emphasis on anti-fibrotic strategies. J Hepatol 2007;46:955-975.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.02.003"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahara T, Furui K, Funaki J, Nakayama Y, Itoh H, Miyabayashi C, Sato H, Seiki M, Ooshima A, Watanabe A. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-II in experimental liver fibrosis in rats. Hepatology 1995;21:787-795.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840210328"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westermarck J, Kähäri VM. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in tumor invasion. FASEB J 1999;13:781-792.","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.8.781"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bissell DM, Roulot D, George J. Transforming growth factor beta and the liver. Hepatology 2001;34:859-867.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28457"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gressner AM, Weiskirchen R. Modern pathogenetic concepts of liver fibrosis suggest stellate cells and TGF-beta as major players and therapeutic targets. J Cell Mol Med 2006;10:76-99.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00292.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaman MA, Oparil S, Calhoun DA. Drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2002;1:621-636.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd873"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carey RM, Siragy HM. Newly recognized components of the renin-angiotensin system: potential roles in cardiovascular and renal regulation. Endocr Rev 2003;24:261-271.","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0001"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cesari M, Rossi GP, Pessina AC. Biological properties of the angiotensin peptides other than angiotensin II: implications for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. J Hypertens 2002;20:793-799.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200205000-00002"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Ferrario CM, Chappell MC. Novel angiotensin peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004;61:2720-2727."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es e Silva AC, Pinheiro SV, Pereira RM, Ferreira AJ, Santos RA. The therapeutic potential of Angiotensin-(1-7) as a novel Renin-Angiotensin System mediator. Mini Rev Med Chem 2006;6:603-609.","DOI":"10.2174\/138955706776876203"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos RA, Ferreira AJ, Sim\u00f5es E Silva AC. Recent advances in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas axis. Exp Physiol 2008;93:519-27.","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2008.042002"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, Donovan M, Woolf B, Robison K, Jeyaseelan R. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res 2000;87:E1-E9.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.5.e1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 2000;275:33238-33243.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002615200"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eriksson U, Danilczyk U, Penninger JM. Just the beginning: novel functions for angiotensin-converting enzymes. Curr Biol 2002;12:R745-R752.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01255-1"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rice GI, Thomas DA, Grant PJ, Turner AJ, Hooper NM. Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism. Biochem J 2004;383:45-51.","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040634"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos RA, Simoes e Silva AC, Maric C, Silva DM, Machado RP, de Buhr I, Heringer-Walther S, Pinheiro SV, Lopes MT, Bader M. Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:8258-8263.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1432869100"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khosla MC, Hall MM, Smeby RR, Bumpus FM. Agonist and antagonist relationships in 1- and 8-substituted analogs of angiotensin II. J Med Chem 1974;17:1156-1160.","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00257a006"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souza Dos Santos RA, Passaglio KT, Pesquero JB, Bader M, Sim\u00f5es E Silva AC. Interactions between angiotensin-(1-7), kinins, and angiotensin II in kidney and blood vessels. Hypertension 2001;38:660-664.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.38.3.660"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chappell MC, Pirro NT, Sykes A, Ferrario CM. Metabolism of angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertension 1998;31:362-367.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.1.362"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell DJ, Lawrence AC, Towrie A, Kladis A, Valentijn AJ. Differential regulation of angiotensin peptide levels in plasma and kidney of the rat. Hypertension 1991;18:763-773.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.18.6.763"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell DJ. The renin-angiotensin and the kallikrein-kinin systems. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003;35:784-791.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00262-5"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luque M, Martin P, Martell N, Fernandez C, Brosnihan KB, Ferrario CM. Effects of captopril related to increased levels of prostacyclin and angiotensin-(1-7) in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1996;14:799-805.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199606000-00017"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merrill DC, Karoly M, Chen K, Ferrario CM, Brosnihan KB. Angiotensin-(1-7) in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. Endocrine 2002;18:239-245.","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:18:3:239"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nogueira AI, Souza Santos RA, Sim\u00f5es E Silva AC, Cabral AC, Vieira RL, Drumond TC, Machado LJ, Freire CM, Ribeiro-Oliveira A Jr. The pregnancy-induced increase of plasma angiotensin-(1-7) is blunted in gestational diabetes. Regul Pept 2007;141:55-60.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2006.12.014"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es e Silva AC, Diniz JS, Pereira RM, Pinheiro SV, Santos RA. Circulating renin Angiotensin system in childhood chronic renal failure: marked increase of Angiotensin-(1-7) in end-stage renal disease. Pediatr Res 2006;60:734-739.","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000246100.14061.bc"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es E Silva AC, Diniz JS, Regueira Filho A, Santos RA. The renin angiotensin system in childhood hypertension: selective increase of angiotensin-(1-7) in essential hypertension. J Pediatr 2004;145:93-98.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.03.055"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tallant EA, Diz DI, Ferrario CM. State-of-the-Art lecture. Antiproliferative actions of angiotensin-(1-7) in vascular smooth muscle. Hypertension 1999;34:950-957.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.4.950"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado RD, Santos RA, Andrade SP. Opposing actions of angiotensins on angiogenesis. Life Sci 2000;66:67-76.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(99)00562-7"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira AJ, Santos RA. Cardiovascular actions of angiotensin-(1-7). Braz J Med Biol Res 2005;38:499-507.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2005000400003"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallagher PE, Tallant EA. Inhibition of human lung cancer cell growth by angiotensin-(1-7). Carcinogenesis 2004;25:2045-2052.","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh236"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman EJ, Chisolm GM, Ferrario CM, Tallant EA. Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Hypertension 1996;28:104-108.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.28.1.104"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tallant EA, Ferrario CM, Gallagher PE. Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of cardiac myocytes through activation of the mas receptor. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;289:H1560-H1566.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00941.2004"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langeveld B, van Gilst WH, Tio RA, Zijlstra F, Roks AJ. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates neointimal formation after stent implantation in the rat. Hypertension 2005;45:138-141.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000149382.83973.c2"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tallant EA, Clark MA. Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of vascular growth by angiotensin-(1-7). Hypertension 2003;42:574-579.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000090322.55782.30"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warner FJ, Lubel JS, McCaughan GW, Angus PW. Liver fibrosis: a balance of ACEs? Clin Sci (Lond) 2007;113:109-118.","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070026"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kostenis E, Milligan G, Christopoulos A, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Heringer-Walther S, Sexton PM, Gembardt F, Kellett E, Martini L, Vanderheyden P. G-protein-coupled receptor Mas is a physiological antagonist of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Circulation 2005;111:1806-1813.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160867.23556.7D"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bosch J, Arroyo V, Betriu A, Mas A, Carrilho F, Rivera F, Navarro-Lopez F, Rodes J. Hepatic hemodynamics and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1980;78:92-99.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90197-3"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernardi M, Trevisani F, Gasbarrini A, Gasbarrini G. Hepatorenal disorders: role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Semin Liver Dis 1994;14:23-34.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007295"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Aliaga L, Zozoya JM, Omar M, Mediavilla JD, Prieto J. Interrelationships between systemic hemodynamics, urinary sodium excretion, and renin-angiotensin system in cirrhosis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1995;58:213-221."},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Bataller R, Sort P, Ginès P, Arroyo V. Hepatorenal syndrome: definition, pathophysiology, clinical features and management. Kidney Int Suppl 1998;66:S47-S53."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girgrah N, Liu P, Collier J, Blendis L, Wong F. Haemodynamic, renal sodium handling, and neurohormonal effects of acute administration of low dose losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, in preascitic cirrhosis. Gut 2000;46:114-120.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.1.114"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Lee JK, Hsieh JF, Tsai SC, Ho YJ, Kao CH. Effects of single dose of 50mg captopril in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Hepatogastroenterology 2000;47:767-770."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bataller R, Ginès P, Nicolás JM, Görbig MN, Garcia-Ramallo E, Gasull X, Bosch J, Arroyo V, Rodés J. Angiotensin II induces contraction and proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 2000;118:1149-1156.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70368-4"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonsson JR, Clouston AD, Ando Y, Kelemen LI, Horn MJ, Adamson MD, Purdie DM, Powell EE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition attenuates the progression of rat hepatic fibrosis. Gastroenterology 2001;121:148-155.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.25480"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshiji H, Kuriyama S, Yoshii J, Ikenaka Y, Noguchi R, Nakatani T, Tsujinoue H, Fukui H. Angiotensin-II type 1 receptor interaction is a major regulator for liver fibrosis development in rats. Hepatology 2001;34:745-750.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28231"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang L, Bataller R, Dulyx J, Coffman TM, Ginès P, Rippe RA, Brenner DA. Attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin type 1a receptor deficient mice. J Hepatol 2005;43:317-323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.02.034"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nabeshima Y, Tazuma S, Kanno K, Hyogo H, Iwai M, Horiuchi M, Chayama K. Anti-fibrogenic function of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;346:658-664.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.05.183"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paizis G, Gilbert RE, Cooper ME, Murthi P, Schembri JM, Wu LL, Rumble JR, Kelly DJ, Tikellis C, Cox A. Effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on experimental hepatic fibrogenesis. J Hepatol 2001;35:376-385.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00146-5"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paizis G, Cooper ME, Schembri JM, Tikellis C, Burrell LM, Angus PW. Up-regulation of components of the renin-angiotensin system in the bile duct-ligated rat liver. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1667-1676.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36561"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bataller R, Gäbele E, Parsons CJ, Morris T, Yang L, Schoonhoven R, Brenner DA, Rippe RA. Systemic infusion of angiotensin II exacerbates liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats. Hepatology 2005;41:1046-1055.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20665"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blendis L, Wong F. The hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis: an overview. Pharmacol Ther 2001;89:221-231.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(01)00124-3"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mezzano SA, Ruiz-Ortega M, Egido J. Angiotensin II and renal fibrosis. Hypertension 2001;38:635-638.","DOI":"10.1161\/hy09t1.094234"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang J, Dai C, Liu Y. Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy and angiotensin II blockade synergistically attenuate renal interstitial fibrosis in mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:2464-2477.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000031827.16102.C1"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim S, Iwao H. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of angiotensin II-mediated cardiovascular and renal diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2000;52:11-34.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01434-0"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu L, Noble NA, Border WA. Therapeutic strategies to halt renal fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2002;2:177-181.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4892(02)00144-3"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burdmann EA, Andoh TF, Nast CC, Evan A, Connors BA, Coffman TM, Lindsley J, Bennett WM. Prevention of experimental cyclosporin-induced interstitial fibrosis by losartan and enalapril. Am J Physiol 1995;269:F491-F499.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1995.269.4.F491"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaneto H, Morrissey J, McCracken R, Reyes A, Klahr S. Enalapril reduces collagen type IV synthesis and expansion of the interstitium in the obstructed rat kidney. Kidney Int 1994;45:1637-1647.","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.215"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brenner DA, Westwick J, Breindl M. Type I collagen gene regulation and the molecular pathogenesis of cirrhosis. Am J Physiol 1993;264:G589-G595.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1993.264.4.G589"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czaja MJ, Weiner FR, Takahashi S, Giambrone MA, van der Meide PH, Schellekens H, Biempica L, Zern MA. Gamma-interferon treatment inhibits collagen deposition in murine schistosomiasis. Hepatology 1989;10:795-800.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100508"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanzler S, Lohse AW, Keil A, Henninger J, Dienes HP, Schirmacher P, Rose-John S, zum Büschenfelde KH, Blessing M. TGF-beta1 in liver fibrosis: an inducible transgenic mouse model to study liver fibrogenesis. Am J Physiol 1999;276:G1059-G1068.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.276.4.G1059"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paizis G, Tikellis C, Cooper ME, Schembri JM, Lew RA, Smith AI, Shaw T, Warner FJ, Zuilli A, Burrell LM. Chronic liver injury in rats and humans upregulates the novel enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Gut 2005;54:1790-1796.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.062398"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira RM, Dos Santos RA, Teixeira MM, Leite VH, Costa LP, da Costa Dias FL, Barcelos LS, Collares GB, Sim\u00f5es e Silva AC. The renin-angiotensin system in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis: evidence for a protective role of Angiotensin-(1-7). J Hepatol 2007;46:674-681.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.10.018"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herath CB, Warner FJ, Lubel JS, Dean RG, Jia Z, Lew RA, Smith AI, Burrell LM, Angus PW. Upregulation of hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin-(1-7) levels in experimental biliary fibrosis. J Hepatol 2007;47:387-395.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.03.008"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubel JS, Herath CB, Burrell LM, Angus PW. Liver disease and the renin-angiotensin system: recent discoveries and clinical implications. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:1327-1338.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05461.x"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubel JS, Herath CB, Tchongue J, Grace J, Jia Z, Spencer K, Casley D, Crowley P, Sievert W, Burrell LM. Angiotensin 1-7, an alternative metabolite of the renin-angiotensin system, is upregulated in human liver disease and has antifibrotic activity in the bile duct ligated rat. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009;.","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080647"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrario CM, Averill DB, Brosnihan KB, Chappell MC, Iskandar SS, Dean RH, Diz DI. Vasopeptidase inhibition and Ang-(1-7) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Kidney Int 2002;62:1349-1357.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2002.kid559.x"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maia LG, Ramos MC, Fernandes L, de Carvalho MH, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Souza dos Santos RA. Angiotensin-(1-7) antagonist A-779 attenuates the potentiation of bradykinin by captopril in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004;43:685-691.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200405000-00011"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos RA, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Baracho NC, Fontes MA, Silva LC, Neves LA, Oliveira DR, Caligiorne SM, Rodrigues AR, Gropen Júnior C. Characterization of a new angiotensin antagonist selective for angiotensin-(1-7): evidence that the actions of angiotensin-(1-7) are mediated by specific angiotensin receptors. Brain Res Bull 1994;35:293-298.","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90104-X"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinheiro SV, Sim\u00f5es e Silva AC, Sampaio WO, de Paula RD, Mendes EP, Bontempo ED, Pesquero JB, Walther T, Alenina N, Bader M. Nonpeptide AVE 0991 is an angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas agonist in the mouse kidney. Hypertension 2004;44:490-496.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000141438.64887.42"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v15\/i21\/2579.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T22:37:26Z","timestamp":1739140646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v15\/i21\/2579.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.15.2579","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-9327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-9327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}