{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:08:26Z","timestamp":1792519706387,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"41","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,5]],"date-time":"2009-11-05T02:51:58Z","timestamp":1257389518000},"page":"5121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":212,"title":["Pernicious anemia: New insights from a gastroenterological point of view"],"prefix":"10.3748","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Edith","family":"Lahner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Annibale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Zittoun J. [Biermer's disease]. Rev Prat 2001;51:1542-1546."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meecham J, Jones EW. Addison's disease and Addisonian anaemia. Lancet 1967;1:535-538.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)92114-9"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Wintrobe MM, Lee GR, Boggs DR, Bithell TC, Foerster J, Athens JW, Lukens JN. Megaloblastic and nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemias. Clinical hematology. 8th ed Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1981;559-604."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Lee EL, Feldman M. Gastritis and other gastropathies. Sleisenger & Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. 7th ed Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002;810-827."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Babior BM. Erythrocyte disorders: Anemias related to disturbance of DNA synthesis (megaloblastic anemias). Hematology. 4th ed New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998;453-481."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Toh BH, Gleeson PA, Whittingham S, van Driel IR. Autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia. The autoimmune diseases. 3rd ed. St Louis, MO: Academic Press; 1998;459-476."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D'Elios MM, Appelmelk BJ, Amedei A, Bergman MP, Del Prete G. Gastric autoimmunity: the role of Helicobacter pylori and molecular mimicry. Trends Mol Med 2004;10:316-323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.06.001"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toh BH, van Driel IR, Gleeson PA. Pernicious anemia. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1441-1448.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372007"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Peterson WL, Graham DY. Helicobacter pylori. Sleisenger & Fordtran’s gastrointestinal and liver disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. 7th ed Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002;732-746."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annibale B, Lahner E, Bordi C, Martino G, Caruana P, Grossi C, Negrini R, Delle Fave G. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in pernicious anaemia. Dig Liver Dis 2000;32:756-762.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(00)80351-5"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varis O, Valle J, Siurala M. Is Helicobacter pylori involved in the pathogenesis of the gastritis characteristic of pernicious anaemia? Comparison between pernicious anaemia relatives and duodenal ulcer relatives. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993;28:705-708.","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309098277"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appelmelk BJ, Faller G, Claeys D, Kirchner T, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM. Bugs on trial: the case of Helicobacter pylori and autoimmunity. Immunol Today 1998;19:296-299.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01281-X"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Field J, Biondo MA, Murphy K, Alderuccio F, Toh BH. Experimental autoimmune gastritis: mouse models of human organ-specific autoimmune disease. Int Rev Immunol 2005;24:93-110.","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180590884585"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toh BH, van Driel IR, Gleeson PA. Autoimmune gastritis: tolerance and autoimmunity to the gastric H+\/K+ ATPase (proton pump). Autoimmunity 1992;13:165-172.","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939209001918"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma JY, Borch K, M\u00e5rdh S. Human gastric H,K-adenosine triphosphatase beta-subunit is a major autoantigen in atrophic corpus gastritis. Expression of the recombinant human glycoprotein in insect cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:790-794.","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409092512"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Claeys D, Faller G, Appelmelk BJ, Negrini R, Kirchner T. The gastric H+,K+-ATPase is a major autoantigen in chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis with body mucosa atrophy. Gastroenterology 1998;115:340-347.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70200-8"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amedei A, Bergman MP, Appelmelk BJ, Azzurri A, Benagiano M, Tamburini C, van der Zee R, Telford JL, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, D'Elios MM. Molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori antigens and H+, K+ --adenosine triphosphatase in human gastric autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2003;198:1147-1156.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030530"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D'Elios MM, Amedei A, Azzurri A, Benagiano M, Del Prete G, Bergman MP, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Appelmelk BJ. Molecular specificity and functional properties of autoreactive T-cell response in human gastric autoimmunity. Int Rev Immunol 2005;24:111-122.","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180590884611"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert LJ, Inman RD. Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. N Engl J Med 1999;341:2068-2074.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912303412707"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ungar B, Mathews JD, Tait BD, Cowling DC. HLA-DR patterns in pernicious anaemia. Br Med J 1981;282:768-770.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6266.768"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernando MM, Stevens CR, Walsh EC, De Jager PL, Goyette P, Plenge RM, Vyse TJ, Rioux JD. Defining the role of the MHC in autoimmunity: a review and pooled analysis. PLoS Genet 2008;4:e1000024.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000024"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fong TL, Dooley CP, Dehesa M, Cohen H, Carmel R, Fitzgibbons PL, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori infection in pernicious anemia: a prospective controlled study. Gastroenterology 1991;100:328-332.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90199-U"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Haruma K, Komoto K, Kawaguchi H, Okamoto S, Yoshihara M, Sumii K, Kajiyama G. Pernicious anemia and Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: evaluation in a country with a high prevalence of infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:1107-1110."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sari R, Ozen S, Aydogdu I, Yildirim B, Sevinc A. The pathological examinations of gastric mucosa in patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive and -negative pernicious anemia. Helicobacter 2000;5:215-221.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.2000.00033.x"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valle J, Kekki M, Sipponen P, Ihamäki T, Siurala M. Long-term course and consequences of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Results of a 32-year follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:546-550.","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609009126"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karnes WE Jr, Samloff IM, Siurala M, Kekki M, Sipponen P, Kim SW, Walsh JH. Positive serum antibody and negative tissue staining for Helicobacter pylori in subjects with atrophic body gastritis. Gastroenterology 1991;101:167-174.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90474-Y"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annibale B, Negrini R, Caruana P, Lahner E, Grossi C, Bordi C, Delle Fave G. Two-thirds of atrophic body gastritis patients have evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2001;6:225-233.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1083-4389.2001.00032.x"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annibale B, Lahner E, Santucci A, Vaira D, Pasquali A, Severi C, Mini R, Figura N, Delle Fave G. CagA and VacA are immunoblot markers of past Helicobacter pylori infection in atrophic body gastritis. Helicobacter 2007;12:23-30.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2007.00467.x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose NR, Bona C. Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited). Immunol Today 1993;14:426-430.","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(93)90244-F"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmel R. Prevalence of undiagnosed pernicious anemia in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:1097-1100.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00040041097008"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedersen AB, Mosbech J. Morbidity of pernicious anaemia. Incidence, prevalence, and treatment in a Danish county. Acta Med Scand 1969;185:449-452.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1969.tb07363.x"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hershko C, Ronson A, Souroujon M, Maschler I, Heyd J, Patz J. Variable hematologic presentation of autoimmune gastritis: age-related progression from iron deficiency to cobalamin depletion. Blood 2006;107:1673-1679.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3534"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annibale B, Capurso G, Chistolini A, D'Ambra G, DiGiulio E, Monarca B, DelleFave G. Gastrointestinal causes of refractory iron deficiency anemia in patients without gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Med 2001;111:439-445.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00883-X"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marignani M, Delle Fave G, Mecarocci S, Bordi C, Angeletti S, D'Ambra G, Aprile MR, Corleto VD, Monarca B, Annibale B. High prevalence of atrophic body gastritis in patients with unexplained microcytic and macrocytic anemia: a prospective screening study. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:766-772.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00949.x"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annibale B, Lahner E, Negrini R, Baccini F, Bordi C, Monarca B, Delle Fave G. Lack of specific association between gastric autoimmunity hallmarks and clinical presentations of atrophic body gastritis. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:5351-5357.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i34.5351"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmel R, Weiner JM, Johnson CS. Iron deficiency occurs frequently in patients with pernicious anemia. JAMA 1987;257:1081-1083.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390080071034"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisenbarth GS, Gottlieb PA. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2068-2079.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra030158"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tosetti C, Stanghellini V, Tucci A, Poli L, Salvioli B, Biasco G, Paparo GF, Levorato M, Corinaldesi R. Gastric emptying and dyspeptic symptoms in patients with nonautoimmune fundic atrophic gastritis. Dig Dis Sci 2000;45:252-257.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005439905134"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Block CE, De Leeuw IH, Van Gaal LF. Autoimmune gastritis in type 1 diabetes: a clinically oriented review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:363-371.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2134"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldt-Rasmussen U, Bech K, Bliddal H, Høier-Madsen M, Jørgensen F, Kappelgaard E, Nielsen H, Lanng Nielsen J, Ryder LP, Thomsen M. Autoantibodies, immune complexes and HLA-D in thyrogastric autoimmunity. Tissue Antigens 1983;22:342-347.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1983.tb02263.x"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lahner E, Centanni M, Agnello G, Gargano L, Vannella L, Iannoni C, Delle Fave G, Annibale B. Occurrence and risk factors for autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with atrophic body gastritis. Am J Med 2008;121:136-141.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.09.025"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Centanni M, Gargano L, Canettieri G, Viceconti N, Franchi A, Delle Fave G, Annibale B. Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1787-1795.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043903"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedlander RD. Racial factor in pernicious anaemia. Am J Med Sci 1934;187:634.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193405000-00007"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmel R, Johnson CS. Racial patterns in pernicious anemia. Early age at onset and increased frequency of intrinsic-factor antibody in black women. N Engl J Med 1978;298:647-650.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197803232981203"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"WHO\/UNICEF\/UNU. Iron deficiency anaemia: assesment, prevention, and control Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001;(WHO\/NHD\/01.3)."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kekki M, Samloff IM, Varis K, Ihamäki T. Serum pepsinogen I and serum gastrin in the screening of severe atrophic corpus gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1991;186:109-116.","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529109103997"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Väänänen H, Vauhkonen M, Helske T, Kääriäinen I, Rasmussen M, Tunturi-Hihnala H, Koskenpato J, Sotka M, Turunen M, Sandström R. Non-endoscopic diagnosis of atrophic gastritis with a blood test. Correlation between gastric histology and serum levels of gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I: a multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15:885-891.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200308000-00009"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lahner E, Norman GL, Severi C, Encabo S, Shums Z, Vannella L, Fave GD, Annibale B. Reassessment of intrinsic factor and parietal cell autoantibodies in atrophic gastritis with respect to cobalamin deficiency. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:2071-2079.","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.231"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toh BH, Alderuccio F. Parietal cell and intrinsic factor autoantibodies. Autoantibodies. 2nd ed Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007;479-486.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044452763-9\/50064-0"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ungar B, Whittingham S, Francis CM. Pernicious anaemia: incidence and significance of circulating antibodies to intrinsic factor and to parietal cells. Australas Ann Med 1967;16:226-229.","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1967.16.3.226"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson RJ, Atrah HI, Sewell HF. Longitudinal study of circulating gastric antibodies in pernicious anaemia. J Clin Pathol 1989;42:1092-1095.","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.10.1092"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmel R. Reassessment of the relative prevalences of antibodies to gastric parietal cell and to intrinsic factor in patients with pernicious anaemia: influence of patient age and race. Clin Exp Immunol 1992;89:74-77.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06880.x"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmel R, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori infection and food-cobalamin malabsorption. Dig Dis Sci 1994;39:309-314.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090202"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen H, Weinstein WM, Carmel R. Heterogeneity of gastric histology and function in food cobalamin malabsorption: absence of atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria in some patients with severe malabsorption. Gut 2000;47:638-645.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.5.638"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annibale B, Capurso G, Delle Fave G. Consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection on the absorption of micronutrients. Dig Liver Dis 2002;34 Suppl 2:S72-S77.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(02)80170-0"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrmann W, Obeid R. Causes and early diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2008;105:680-685.","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0680"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"Hvas AM, Nexo E. Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency--an update. Haematologica 2006;91:1506-1512."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pruthi RK, Tefferi A. Pernicious anemia revisited. Mayo Clin Proc 1994;69:144-150.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61041-6"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastrup-Madsen P, Helleberg-Rasmussen I, Nørregaard S, Halver B, Hansen T. Long term therapy of pernicious anaemia with the depot cobalamin preparation betolvex. Scand J Haematol 1983;31:57-62.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1983.tb02137.x"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"Correa P. Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process--First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Res 1992;52:6735-6740."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu MS, Chen CJ, Lin JT. Host-environment interactions: their impact on progression from gastric inflammation to carcinogenesis and on development of new approaches to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14:1878-1882.","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0792"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sjöblom SM, Sipponen P, Miettinen M, Karonen SL, Jrvinen HJ. Gastroscopic screening for gastric carcinoids and carcinoma in pernicious anemia. Endoscopy 1988;20:52-56.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1018130"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annibale B, Azzoni C, Corleto VD, di Giulio E, Caruana P, D'Ambra G, Bordi C, Delle Fave G. Atrophic body gastritis patients with enterochromaffin-like cell dysplasia are at increased risk for the development of type I gastric carcinoid. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13:1449-1456.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200112000-00008"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokkola A, Sjöblom SM, Haapiainen R, Sipponen P, Puolakkainen P, Järvinen H. The risk of gastric carcinoma and carcinoid tumours in patients with pernicious anaemia. A prospective follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33:88-92.","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850166266"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, Matsumura N, Yamaguchi S, Yamakido M, Taniyama K, Sasaki N, Schlemper RJ. Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345:784-789.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999"},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"Eisenbrand G, Adam B, Peter M, Malfertheiner P, Schlag P. Formation of nitrite in gastric juice of patients with various gastric disorders after ingestion of a standard dose of nitrate--a possible risk factor in gastric carcinogenesis. IARC Sci Publ 1984;345:963-968."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annibale B, Capurso G, Lahner E, Passi S, Ricci R, Maggio F, Delle Fave G. Concomitant alterations in intragastric pH and ascorbic acid concentration in patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis and associated iron deficiency anaemia. Gut 2003;52:496-501.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.4.496"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schafer LW, Larson DE, Melton LJ 3rd, Higgins JA, Zinsmeister AR. Risk of development of gastric carcinoma in patients with pernicious anemia: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc 1985;60:444-448.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60867-2"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lahner E, Bordi C, Cattaruzza MS, Iannoni C, Milione M, Delle Fave G, Annibale B. Long-term follow-up in atrophic body gastritis patients: atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are persistent lesions irrespective of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:471-481.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02582.x"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sjöblom SM, Sipponen P, Järvinen H. Gastroscopic follow up of pernicious anaemia patients. Gut 1993;34:28-32.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.1.28"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lahner E, Caruana P, D'Ambra G, Ferraro G, Di Giulio E, Delle Fave G, Bordi C, Annibale B. First endoscopic-histologic follow-up in patients with body-predominant atrophic gastritis: when should it be done? Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:443-448.","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.112189"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v15\/i41\/5121.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T12:58:08Z","timestamp":1710680288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v15\/i41\/5121.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.15.5121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-9327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-9327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}