{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:22:46Z","timestamp":1791480166925,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i15.3892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T08:39:46Z","timestamp":1459759186000},"page":"3892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["New treatment options for alcoholic hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.3748","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Saggere Muralikrishna","family":"Shasthry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiv Kumar","family":"Sarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000161"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl336"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.224097"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antar R, Wong P, Ghali P. A meta-analysis of nutritional supplementation for management of hospitalized alcoholic hepatitis. Can J Gastroenterol 2012;26:463-467.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/945707"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12798"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.10.010"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2013.11.005"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.276300"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.141562"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412278"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salaspuro MP, Shaw S, Jayatilleke E, Ross WA, Lieber CS. Attenuation of the ethanol-induced hepatic redox change after chronic alcohol consumption in baboons: metabolic consequences in vivo and in vitro. Hepatology 1981;1:33-38.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010106"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoek JB, Cahill A, Pastorino JG. Alcohol and mitochondria: a dysfunctional relationship. Gastroenterology 2002;122:2049-2063.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33613"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50351"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1267538"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.037"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00011.2008"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008791200"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202411200"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"You M, Matsumoto M, Pacold CM, Cho WK, Crabb DW. The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the action of ethanol in the liver. Gastroenterology 2004;127:1798-1808.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.049"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugimoto T, Yamashita S, Ishigami M, Sakai N, Hirano K, Tahara M, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Matsuzawa Y. Decreased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity contributes to initiation of alcoholic liver steatosis in rats. J Hepatol 2002;36:157-162.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00263-X"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altamirano J, Bataller R. Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new targets for therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;8:491-501.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.134"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2011.02.010"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040605"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.488"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.141"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svegliati-Baroni G, Baraona E, Rosman AS, Lieber CS. Collagen-acetaldehyde adducts in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases. Hepatology 1994;20:111-118.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200118"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00056.2004"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradham CA, Plümpe J, Manns MP, Brenner DA, Trautwein C. Mechanisms of hepatic toxicity. I. TNF-induced liver injury. Am J Physiol 1998;275:G387-G392.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.275.3.G387"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Román J, Colell A, Blasco C, Caballeria J, Parés A, Rodés J, Fernández-Checa JC. Differential role of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the induction of oxidative stress in HEP G2 cells: effect on transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Hepatology 1999;30:1473-1480.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300623"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61699-9"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansouri A, Gaou I, De Kerguenec C, Amsellem S, Haouzi D, Berson A, Moreau A, Feldmann G, Lettéron P, Pessayre D. An alcoholic binge causes massive degradation of hepatic mitochondrial DNA in mice. Gastroenterology 1999;117:181-190.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70566-4"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28888"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji C, Kaplowitz N. Betaine decreases hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and liver injury in alcohol-fed mice. Gastroenterology 2003;124:1488-1499.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00276-2"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280521"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bird GL, Sheron N, Goka AK, Alexander GJ, Williams RS. Increased plasma tumor necrosis factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:917-920.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-12-917"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.036"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.016"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.056"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22680"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23837"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin M, Bradford BU, Wheeler MD, Uesugi T, Froh M, Goyert SM, Thurman RG. Reduced early alcohol-induced liver injury in CD14-deficient mice. J Immunol 2001;166:4737-4742.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4737"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00454.x"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-072610-145138"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.11.034"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/893026"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341126"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113860"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12558"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20194"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao HY, Wang HJ, Lu Z, Xu SZ. Intestinal microflora in patients with liver cirrhosis. Chin J Dig Dis 2004;5:64-67.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-9573.2004.00157.x"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.08.006"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.015"},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Gillis JC, Brogden RN. Rifaximin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in conditions mediated by gastrointestinal bacteria. Drugs 1995;49:467-484."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03958.x"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i11.1321"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2012.18.4.337"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0805786"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27779"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.11.041"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.262"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306603"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306098"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.9"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm300682j"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones CE, Chan K. Interleukin-17 stimulates the expression of interleukin-8, growth-related oncogene-alpha, and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor by human airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002;26:748-753.","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.26.6.4757"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001107"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055101"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20184"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs AC, Granowitz EV, Shapiro L, Vannier E, Lonnemann G, Angel JB, Kennedy JS, Rabson AR, Radwanski E, Affrime MB. Clinical, hematologic, and immunologic effects of interleukin-10 in humans. J Clin Immunol 1996;16:291-303.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541395"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taïeb J, Mathurin P, Elbim C, Cluzel P, Arce-Vicioso M, Bernard B, Opolon P, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Poynard T, Chollet-Martin S. Blood neutrophil functions and cytokine release in severe alcoholic hepatitis: effect of corticosteroids. J Hepatol 2000;32:579-586.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80219-6"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taïeb J, Chollet-Martin S, Cohard M, Garaud JJ, Poynard T. The role of interleukin-10 in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. Clin Biochem 2001;34:237-238.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(01)00211-9"},{"key":"ref74","unstructured":"Fedorak RN, Gangl A, Elson CO, Rutgeerts P, Schreiber S, Wild G, Hanauer SB, Kilian A, Cohard M, LeBeaut A. Recombinant human interleukin 10 in the treatment of patients with mild to moderately active Crohn’s disease. The Interleukin 10 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cooperative Study Group. Gastroenterology 2000;119:1473-1482."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreiber S, Fedorak RN, Nielsen OH, Wild G, Williams CN, Nikolaus S, Jacyna M, Lashner BA, Gangl A, Rutgeerts P. Safety and efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 10 in chronic active Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s Disease IL-10 Cooperative Study Group. Gastroenterology 2000;119:1461-1472.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20196"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i39.5504"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2008.08.001"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26521"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.024"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20206"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301146"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40009.x"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramalho RM, Cortez-Pinto H, Castro RE, Solá S, Costa A, Moura MC, Camilo ME, Rodrigues CM. Apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression in the livers of patients with steatohepatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18:21-29.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200601000-00005"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00283.x"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00850.x"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2014.09.004"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02664"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24159"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2014.09.005"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23572"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308410"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theocharis SE, Papadimitriou LJ, Retsou ZP, Margeli AP, Ninos SS, Papadimitriou JD. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration ameliorates liver regeneration in animal model of fulminant hepatic failure and encephalopathy. Dig Dis Sci 2003;48:1797-1803.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025463532521"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2004.09.005"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22317"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.11.027"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.154"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.02.024"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26109"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.250"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i40.14642"},{"key":"ref101","unstructured":"Testino G, Ferro C, Sumberaz A, Messa P, Morelli N, Guadagni B, Ardizzone G, Valente U. Type-2 hepatorenal syndrome and refractory ascites: role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in eighteen patients with advanced cirrhosis awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatogastroenterology 2003;50:1753-1755."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2012.06.003"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13176"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105703"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12117"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25544"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12242"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.056"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26185"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i25.8011"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalan R, Sen S, Steiner C, Kapoor D, Alisa A, Williams R. Extracorporeal liver support with molecular adsorbents recirculating system in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2003;38:24-31.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00334-3"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328332a360"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2871-y"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.002"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.11.039"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.03.027"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101214"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002235"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v22\/i15\/3892.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T06:56:58Z","timestamp":1567753018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v22\/i15\/3892.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v22.i15.3892","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-9327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-9327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}