{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:34:25Z","timestamp":1791646465485,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i25.5728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T06:47:16Z","timestamp":1467614836000},"page":"5728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Hepatopulmonary syndrome: What we know and what we would like to know"],"prefix":"10.3748","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Israel","family":"Grilo-Bensusan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Pascasio-Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00010904"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SA.0b013e3181a8a39c"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy TC, Knudson RJ. Exercise-aggravated hypoxemia and orthodeoxia in cirrhosis. Chest 1977;72:305-309.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.72.3.305"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Roisin R, Roca J. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: the paradigm of liver-induced hypoxaemia. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1997;11:387-406.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3528(97)90046-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krowka MJ, Cortese DA. Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Chest 1990;98:1053-1054.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.98.5.1053"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krowka MJ. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: recent literature (1997 to 1999) and implications for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2000;6:S31-S35.","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500060508"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fallon MB, Abrams GA, McGrath JW, Hou Z, Luo B. Common bile duct ligation in the rat: a model of intrapulmonary vasodilatation and hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Physiol 1997;272:G779-G784.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1997.272.4.G779"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90627.2008"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20244"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang M, Luo B, Chen SJ, Abrams GA, Fallon MB. Endothelin-1 stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Physiol 1999;277:G944-G952.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.277.5.G944"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03914.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200201-027OC"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320149"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00080404"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00298.2003"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arguedas MR, Drake BB, Kapoor A, Fallon MB. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 2005;128:328-333.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.061"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.001"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0002-3"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang XJ, Katsuta Y, Akimoto T, Ohsuga M, Aramaki T, Takano T. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and nitric oxide in hypoxemic rats with chronic bile duct ligation. J Hepatol 2003;39:724-730.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00430-6"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.105353"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolla G. Is nitric oxide the ultimate mediator in hepatopulmonary syndrome? J Hepatol 2003;38:668-670.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00113-2"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsumoto A, Ogura K, Hirata Y, Kakoki M, Watanabe F, Takenaka K, Shiratori Y, Momomura S, Omata M. Increased nitric oxide in the exhaled air of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:110-113.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-2-199507150-00005"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08111883"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12051005"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13807-X"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schenk P, Madl C, Rezaie-Majd S, Lehr S, Müller C. Methylene blue improves the hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:701-706.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00012"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21141"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm2107017"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000430252"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4471"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5mb00347d"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2015.05.025"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.10.061"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12114"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000366377"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113451"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12655"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.04.041"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Nacif LS, Andraus W, Kubrusly MS, Molan N, Chaib E, D’Albuquerque LA. Myeloperoxidase activity is increased in hepatopulmonary syndrome in rats. Arq Bras Cir Dig 2013;26:293-295."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb70391f"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.11.065"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12791"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3593-0"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2586"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schraufnagel DE, Kay JM. Structural and pathologic changes in the lung vasculature in chronic liver disease. Clin Chest Med 1996;17:1-15.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70295-1"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196602102740601"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Krowka MJ, Cortese DA. Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Current concepts in diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Chest 1994;105:1528-1537."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanley NN, Williams AJ, Dewar CA, Blendis LM, Reid L. Hypoxia and hydrothoraces in a case of liver cirrhosis: correlation of physiological, radiographic, scintigraphic, and pathological findings. Thorax 1977;32:457-471.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.32.4.457"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.6.853"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aller R, Moya JL, Moreira V, García-Lledo A, Sanromán AL, Paino C, Boixeda D. Diagnosis and grading of intrapulmonary vascular dilatation in cirrhotic patients with contrast transesophageal echocardiography. J Hepatol 1999;31:1044-1052.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80317-1"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aller R, Moya JL, Moreira V, Boixeda D, Cano A, Picher J, García-Rull S, de Luis DA. Diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome with contrast transesophageal echocardiography: advantages over contrast transthoracic echocardiography. Dig Dis Sci 1999;44:1243-1248.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026657114256"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodríguez-Roisin R, Agustí AG, Roca J. The hepatopulmonary syndrome: new name, old complexities. Thorax 1992;47:897-902.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.11.897"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.7519"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lima BL, França AV, Pazin-Filho A, Araújo WM, Martinez JA, Maciel BC, Sim\u00f5es MV, Terra-Filho J, Martinelli AL. Frequency, clinical characteristics, and respiratory parameters of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:42-48.","DOI":"10.4065\/79.1.42"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.038"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12713"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/S0016-5085(03)01207-1"},{"key":"ref58","unstructured":"Stoller JK, Lange PA, Westveer MK, Carey WD, Vogt D, Henderson JM. Prevalence and reversibility of the hepatopulmonary syndrome after liver transplantation. The Cleveland Clinic experience. West J Med 1995;163:133-138."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abrams GA, Nanda NC, Dubovsky EV, Krowka MJ, Fallon MB. Use of macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan to diagnose hepatopulmonary syndrome: a new approach. Gastroenterology 1998;114:305-310.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70481-0"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.32252"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350170126"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De BK, Sen S, Biswas PK, Biswas J, Maity AK. Clinical and haemodynamic aspects of hepatopulmonary syndrome in Indian patients with cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:412-416.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02156.x"},{"key":"ref63","unstructured":"Przyby\u0142owski T, Krenke R, Fangrat A, Nasilowski J, Grabczak EM, Styczynski G, Pruszczyk P, Krawczyk M, Chazan R. Gas exchange abnormalities in patients listed for liver transplantation. J Physiol Pharmacol 2006;57 Suppl 4:313-323."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martínez GP, Barberà JA, Visa J, Rimola A, Paré JC, Roca J, Navasa M, Rodés J, Rodriguez-Roisin R. Hepatopulmonary syndrome in candidates for liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2001;34:651-657.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00108-2"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.08.134"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.615"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50023"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20658"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01334.x"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000061612.78954.6C"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lange PA, Stoller JK. The hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:521-529.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00008"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20358"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrivet P, Cadranel J, Housset B, Herigault R, Harf A, Adnot S. Mechanisms of impaired arterial oxygenation in patients with liver cirrhosis and severe respiratory insufficiency. Effects of indomethacin. Chest 1993;103:500-507.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.2.500"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1987.135.5.1085"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molleston JP, Kaufman BA, Cohen A, Shackelford PG, Keating JP, Lowell JA, Howard TK. Brain abscess in hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;29:225-226.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199908000-00024"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shijo H, Sasaki H, Nishimaru K, Okumura M. Recurrent intracranial hemorrhagic episodes in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Intern Med 1992;31:786-790.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.786"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22143"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.35544"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20016"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3506-7"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vedrinne JM, Duperret S, Bizollon T, Magnin C, Motin J, Trepo C, Ducerf C. Comparison of transesophageal and transthoracic contrast echocardiography for detection of an intrapulmonary shunt in liver disease. Chest 1997;111:1236-1240.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.5.1236"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.04.074"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krowka MJ, Porayko MK, Plevak DJ, Pappas SC, Steers JL, Krom RA, Wiesner RH. Hepatopulmonary syndrome with progressive hypoxemia as an indication for liver transplantation: case reports and literature review. Mayo Clin Proc 1997;72:44-53.","DOI":"10.4065\/72.1.44"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krowka MJ, Tajik AJ, Dickson ER, Wiesner RH, Cortese DA. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVD) in liver transplant candidates. Screening by two-dimensional contrast-enhanced echocardiography. Chest 1990;97:1165-1170.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.5.1165"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2015.02.006"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26070"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022549018807"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-014-0915-9"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12810"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abrams GA, Jaffe CC, Hoffer PB, Binder HJ, Fallon MB. Diagnostic utility of contrast echocardiography and lung perfusion scan in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 1995;109:1283-1288.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90589-8"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26745"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1600-7"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1075"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.12.003"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.005"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20931"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000190775.57903.86"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.2.r99ma46549"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-009-0250-8"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krowka MJ, Dickson ER, Cortese DA. Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Clinical observations and lack of therapeutic response to somatostatin analogue. Chest 1993;104:515-521.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.2.515"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00007211"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03198"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryu JK, Oh JH. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: angiography and therapeutic embolization. Clin Imaging 2003;27:97-100.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(02)00511-9"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2007.08.008"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2010.11.4.485"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poterucha JJ, Krowka MJ, Dickson ER, Cortese DA, Stanson AW, Krom RA. Failure of hepatopulmonary syndrome to resolve after liver transplantation and successful treatment with embolotherapy. Hepatology 1995;21:96-100.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840210117"},{"key":"ref107","unstructured":"Márquez Martín E, Jara Palomares L, Ortega Ruiz F, Grilo Bensusán I, López-Campos JL, Cejudo Ramos P, Pascasio JM, Rodríguez Becerra E. [Hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with advanced hepatic disease: study of a series of 24 cases]. Med Clin (Barc) 2008;130:98-102."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.04.025"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(04)74648-5"},{"key":"ref110","unstructured":"Söderman C, Juhlin-Dannfelt A, Lagerstrand L, Eriksson LS. Ventilation-perfusion relationships and central haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis. Effects of a somatostatin analogue. J Hepatol 1994;21:52-57."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.08.011"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jounieaux V, Leleu O, Mayeux I. Cardiopulmonary effects of nitric oxide inhalation and methylene blue injection in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2001;27:1103-1104.","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340100967"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song JY, Choi JY, Ko JT, Bae EJ, Kim HS, Noh CI, Yoon YS. Long-term aspirin therapy for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Pediatrics 1996;97:917-920.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.6.917"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shijo H, Sasaki H, Yuh K, Sakaguchi S, Okumura M. Effects of indomethacin on hepatogenic pulmonary angiodysplasia. Chest 1991;99:1027-1029.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.4.1027"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.10.021"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.2.526"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00178.2013"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20120052"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vercelino R, Tieppo J, Forgiarini Junior LA, Dias AS, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Experimental models for assessment of pulmonary alterations in hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Bras Pneumol 2008;34:453-460.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132008000700004"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lambrecht GL, Malbrain ML, Coremans P, Verbist L, Verhaegen H. Orthodeoxia and platypnea in liver cirrhosis: effects of propranolol. Acta Clin Belg 1994;49:26-30.","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.1994.11718360"},{"key":"ref121","unstructured":"Yilmaz S, Dursum M, Canoruç F, Bayan K, Karabulut A, Akay H. A severe (type II) hepatopulmonary syndrome in a patient with idiopathic portal hypertension and treatment with paroxetine. Neth J Med 2005;63:448-452."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140622"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311617"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2010.00640.x"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328220ed72"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21482"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.16.1820"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i35.4912"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De BK, Dutta D, Pal SK, Gangopadhyay S, Das Baksi S, Pani A. The role of garlic in hepatopulmonary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Gastroenterol 2010;24:183-188.","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/349076"},{"key":"ref130","unstructured":"Abrams GA, Fallon MB. Treatment of hepatopulmonary syndrome with Allium sativum L. (garlic): a pilot trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998;27:232-235."},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porres-Aguilar M, Gallegos-Orozco JF. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: Is it time to redefine the MELD exception score for better organ allocation and outcomes? Ann Hepatol 2014;13:468-470.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30857-9"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-006-1965-0"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corley DA, Scharschmidt B, Bass N, Somberg K, Gold W. Lack of efficacy of TIPS for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 1997;113:728-730.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.agast971130728"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allgaier HP, Haag K, Ochs A, Hauenstein KH, Jeserich M, Krause T, Heilmann C, Gerok W, Rössle M. Hepato-pulmonary syndrome: successful treatment by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS). J Hepatol 1995;23:102.","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80318-1"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2001.21287"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riegler JL, Lang KA, Johnson SP, Westerman JH. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt improves oxygenation in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 1995;109:978-983.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90409-3"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00455.x"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i45.16996"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De BK, Sen S, Biswas PK, Sanyal R, Majumdar D, Biswas J. Hepatopulmonary syndrome in inferior vena cava obstruction responding to cavoplasty. Gastroenterology 2000;118:192-196.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70428-8"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.03.056"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10476"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22207"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21477"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20971"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02822.x"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.10.002"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.02124.x"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i36.5878"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egawa H, Kasahara M, Inomata Y, Uemoto S, Asonuma K, Fujita S, Kiuchi T, Hayashi M, Yonemura T, Yoshibayashi M. Long-term outcome of living related liver transplantation for patients with intrapulmonary shunting and strategy for complications. Transplantation 1999;67:712-717.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199903150-00012"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v22\/i25\/5728.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T16:00:23Z","timestamp":1656777623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v22\/i25\/5728.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v22.i25.5728","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-9327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-9327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}