{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:59:41Z","timestamp":1791910781364,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i4.1449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,24]],"date-time":"2016-01-24T22:31:43Z","timestamp":1453674703000},"page":"1449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Natural killer cells in hepatitis C: Current progress"],"prefix":"10.3748","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Joo Chun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36227"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39133"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i28.9270"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1192055"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141602"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.01.010"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979468"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1573"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2013.13.5.168"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00274"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.12.010"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3251"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2010.02332.x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12090"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Moradpour D, Penin F, Rice CM. Replication of hepatitis C virus. Nat Rev Microbiol 2007;5:453-463."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3248"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Herberman RB, Nunn ME, Lavrin DH. Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic acid allogeneic tumors. I. Distribution of reactivity and specificity. Int J Cancer 1975;16:216-229."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830050208"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198687"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Lanier LL. Evolutionary struggles between NK cells and viruses. Nat Rev Immunol 2008;8:259-268."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2935"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Caligiuri MA. Human natural killer cells. Blood 2008;112:461-469."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Lodoen MB, Lanier LL. Natural killer cells as an initial defense against pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 2006;18:391-398."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.04.001"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Lanier LL. Up on the tightrope: natural killer cell activation and inhibition. Nat Immunol 2008;9:495-502."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115526"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Vivier E, Tomasello E, Baratin M, Walzer T, Ugolini S. Functions of natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 2008;9:503-510."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Caligiuri MA. The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets. Trends Immunol 2001;22:633-640."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Turner SC, Chen KS, Ghaheri BA, Ghayur T, Carson WE, Caligiuri MA. Human natural killer cells: a unique innate immunoregulatory role for the CD56(bright) subset. Blood 2001;97:3146-3151."},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Doherty DG, O’Farrelly C. Innate and adaptive lymphoid cells in the human liver. Immunol Rev 2000;174:5-20."},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Gao B, Radaeva S, Park O. Liver natural killer and natural killer T cells: immunobiology and emerging roles in liver diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2009;86:513-528."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.05.030"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21073"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.05.047"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00563.x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20708"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Crotta S, Stilla A, Wack A, D’Andrea A, Nuti S, D’Oro U, Mosca M, Filliponi F, Brunetto RM, Bonino F. Inhibition of natural killer cells through engagement of CD81 by the major hepatitis C virus envelope protein. J Exp Med 2002;195:35-41."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Tseng CT, Klimpel GR. Binding of the hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 to CD81 inhibits natural killer cell functions. J Exp Med 2002;195:43-49."},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Herzer K, Falk CS, Encke J, Eichhorst ST, Ulsenheimer A, Seliger B, Krammer PH. Upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I on liver cells by hepatitis C virus core protein via p53 and TAP1 impairs natural killer cell cytotoxicity. J Virol 2003;77:8299-8309."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Tardif KD, Siddiqui A. Cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules is reduced in hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon-expressing cells. J Virol 2003;77:11644-11650."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Moradpour D, Grabscheid B, Kammer AR, Schmidtke G, Groettrup M, Blum HE, Cerny A. Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins does not interfere with major histocompatibility complex class I processing and presentation in vitro. Hepatology 2001;33:1282-1287."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i13.3786"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27340-7_3"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Lindenbach BD, Evans MJ, Syder AJ, Wölk B, Tellinghuisen TL, Liu CC, Maruyama T, Hynes RO, Burton DR, McKeating JA. Complete replication of hepatitis C virus in cell culture. Science 2005;309:623-626."},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Wakita T, Pietschmann T, Kato T, Date T, Miyamoto M, Zhao Z, Murthy K, Habermann A, Kräusslich HG, Mizokami M. Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome. Nat Med 2005;11:791-796."},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Zhong J, Gastaminza P, Cheng G, Kapadia S, Kato T, Burton DR, Wieland SF, Uprichard SL, Wakita T, Chisari FV. Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:9294-9299."},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Crotta S, Brazzoli M, Piccioli D, Valiante NM, Wack A. Hepatitis C virions subvert natural killer cell activation to generate a cytokine environment permissive for infection. J Hepatol 2010;52:183-190."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22624"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00838-11"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300164"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis210"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.051"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.189"},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Hart OM, Athie-Morales V, O’Connor GM, Gardiner CM. TLR7\/8-mediated activation of human NK cells results in accessory cell-dependent IFN-gamma production. J Immunol 2005;175:1636-1642."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2057"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Fuchs A, Colonna M, Caligiuri MA. NK cell and DC interactions. Trends Immunol 2004;25:47-52."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25904"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00403"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.044"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072195"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.022"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22550"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05444-11"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002301107"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-0954-0"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.08.010"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.046"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001184"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097670"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.212555"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v1020104"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32400"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.006"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26353"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.013"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26782"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.066"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.130963"},{"key":"ref79","unstructured":"Jinushi M, Takehara T, Tatsumi T, Kanto T, Miyagi T, Suzuki T, Kanazawa Y, Hiramatsu N, Hayashi N. Negative regulation of NK cell activities by inhibitory receptor CD94\/NKG2A leads to altered NK cell-induced modulation of dendritic cell functions in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Immunol 2004;173:6072-6081."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.076463"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24628"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070401"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.03.018"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/76940"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25804"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2012.54"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304472"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200635989"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25723"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01515-13"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.12.005"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32834bd365"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.029"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23477"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001092"},{"key":"ref96","unstructured":"Kaser A, Enrich B, Ludwiczek O, Vogel W, Tilg H. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) enhances cytotoxicity in healthy volunteers and chronic hepatitis C infection mainly by the perforin pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;118:71-77."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041361"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis027"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.069"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.003"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21267"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707882105"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08309"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.447"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.449"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25647"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24556"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1108850108"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425913503385"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016358108"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/374196"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis434"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.03.004"},{"key":"ref114","unstructured":"Kolykhalov AA, Agapov EV, Blight KJ, Mihalik K, Feinstone SM, Rice CM. Transmission of hepatitis C by intrahepatic inoculation with transcribed RNA. Science 1997;277:570-574."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511218103"},{"key":"ref116","unstructured":"Farquhar MJ, McKeating JA. Primary hepatocytes as targets for hepatitis C virus replication. J Viral Hepat 2008;15:849-854."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26770"},{"key":"ref118","unstructured":"Dorner M, Horwitz JA, Robbins JB, Barry WT, Feng Q, Mu K, Jones CT, Schoggins JW, Catanese MT, Burton DR. A genetically humanized mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection. Nature 2011;474:208-211."},{"key":"ref119","unstructured":"Dorner M, Ploss A. Deconstructing hepatitis C virus infection in humanized mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011;1245:59-62."}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v22\/i4\/1449.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T01:49:51Z","timestamp":1505699391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v22\/i4\/1449.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v22.i4.1449","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-9327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-9327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}