{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:23:28Z","timestamp":1791959008048,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"48","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i48.10557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,26]],"date-time":"2016-12-26T05:59:38Z","timestamp":1482731978000},"page":"10557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon"],"prefix":"10.3748","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nada M","family":"Melhem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Zaraket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Kreidieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moza","family":"Hammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soha","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Hajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Haidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adlette","family":"Inati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Rajab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Fakhouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan","family":"Baasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan","family":"Dbaibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Division of Viral Diseases; National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated norovirus outbreak management and disease prevention guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep 2011;60:1-18."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072788"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.10.009"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.071114"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.130426"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12674"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804575"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed SM, Lopman BA, Levy K. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global seasonality of norovirus. PLoS One 2013;8:e75922.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075922"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng DP, Ando T, Fankhauser RL, Beard RS, Glass RI, Monroe SS. Norovirus classification and proposed strain nomenclature. Virology 2006;346:312-323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.015"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinjé J, Green J, Lewis DC, Gallimore CI, Brown DW, Koopmans MP. Genetic polymorphism across regions of the three open reading frames of “Norwalk-like viruses”. Arch Virol 2000;145:223-241.","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050020"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2296"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katayama K, Shirato-Horikoshi H, Kojima S, Kageyama T, Oka T, Hoshino F, Fukushi S, Shinohara M, Uchida K, Suzuki Y. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of 18 Norwalk-like viruses. Virology 2002;299:225-239.","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1568"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.11.011"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis372"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siebenga JJ, Vennema H, Renckens B, de Bruin E, van der Veer B, Siezen RJ, Koopmans M. Epochal evolution of GGII.4 norovirus capsid proteins from 1995 to 2006. J Virol 2007;81:9932-9941.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00674-07"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001485"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-150"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03464-12"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050031"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31828c3de4"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22077"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima S, Kageyama T, Fukushi S, Hoshino FB, Shinohara M, Uchida K, Natori K, Takeda N, Katayama K. Genogroup-specific PCR primers for detection of Norwalk-like viruses. J Virol Methods 2002;100:107-114.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(01)00404-9"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.01.002"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siebenga JJ, Vennema H, Duizer E, Koopmans MP. Gastroenteritis caused by norovirus GGII.4, The Netherlands, 1994-2005. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13:144-146.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060800"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.10.002"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011599"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000884"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000549"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2011.01.002"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2349"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318287fc81"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000786"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2013.124"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-0996-x"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Rashidi A, Chehadeh W, Szücs GG, Albert MJ. Different norovirus genotypes in patients with gastroenteritis in Kuwait. J Med Virol 2013;85:1611-1618.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23645"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22141"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0116"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-300"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-011-0600-1"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Ben Salem-Ben Nejma I, Hassine Zaafrane M, Hassine F, Sdiri-Loulizi K, Ben Said M, Aouni M, Mzoughi R. Etiology of Acute Diarrhea in Tunisian Children with Emphasis on Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: Prevalence and Identification of E. coli Virulence Markers. Iran J Public Health 2014;43:947-960."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.9148"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Cöl D, Biçer S, Ciler Erda\u011f G, Giray T, Gürol Y, Yilmaz G, Küçük Ö, Vitrinel A. Annual report on norovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in 2009 and their genotypes in Turkey. Infez Med 2013;21:261-269."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altay A, Bozday\u0131 G, Meral M, Dallar Bilge Y, Dalg\u0131ç B, Ozkan S, Ahmed K. [Investigation of norovirus infection incidence among 0-5 years old children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to two different hospitals in ankara, Turkey]. Mikrobiyol Bul 2013;47:98-108.","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.4082"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23744"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.03.004"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02756.x"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.130227"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.12.005"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000204"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605127"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White PA, Hansman GS, Li A, Dable J, Isaacs M, Ferson M, McIver CJ, Rawlinson WD. Norwalk-like virus 95\/96-US strain is a major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Australia. J Med Virol 2002;68:113-118.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10177"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopman B, Vennema H, Kohli E, Pothier P, Sanchez A, Negredo A, Buesa J, Schreier E, Reacher M, Brown D. Increase in viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe and epidemic spread of new norovirus variant. Lancet 2004;363:682-688.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15641-9"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widdowson MA, Cramer EH, Hadley L, Bresee JS, Beard RS, Bulens SN, Charles M, Chege W, Isakbaeva E, Wright JG. Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis on cruise ships and on land: identification of a predominant circulating strain of norovirus--United States, 2002. J Infect Dis 2004;190:27-36.","DOI":"10.1086\/420888"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bull RA, Tu ET, McIver CJ, Rawlinson WD, White PA. Emergence of a new norovirus genotype II.4 variant associated with global outbreaks of gastroenteritis. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:327-333.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.327-333.2006"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.09.001"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir478"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"van Beek J, Ambert-Balay K, Botteldoorn N, Eden JS, Fonager J, Hewitt J, Iritani N, Kroneman A, Vennema H, Vinjé J. Indications for worldwide increased norovirus activity associated with emergence of a new variant of genotype II.4, late 2012. Euro Surveill 2013;18:8-9."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.08.024"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24387"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2011.588610"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira MS, Cubel Garcia Rde C, Xavier Mda P, Ribeiro RL, Assis RM, Mota Mdo C, Leite JP, Miagostovich MP, de Oliveira SA. Genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus GII.21 in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012;107:1064-1067.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000800017"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.11.007"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mounts AW, Ando T, Koopmans M, Bresee JS, Noel J, Glass RI. Cold weather seasonality of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses. J Infect Dis 2000;181 Suppl 2:S284-S287.","DOI":"10.1086\/315586"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02846.x"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.061567"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881300232X"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v22\/i48\/10557.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T19:40:48Z","timestamp":1568662848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v22\/i48\/10557.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"48","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v22.i48.10557","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-9327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-9327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}