{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T10:55:53Z","timestamp":1792839353750,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Gastroenterol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cirrhosis is considered a growing cause of morbidity and mortality, which represents a significant public health problem. Currently, there is no effective treatment to reverse cirrhosis. Treatment primarily centers on addressing the underlying liver condition, monitoring, and managing portal hypertension-related complications, and evaluating the potential for liver transplantation in cases of decompensated cirrhosis, marked by rapid progression and the emergence of complications like variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, malnutrition, and more. Malnutrition, a prevalent complication across all disease stages, is often underdiagnosed in cirrhosis due to the complexities of nutritional assessment in patients with fluid retention and\/or obesity, despite its crucial impact on prognosis. Increasing emphasis has been placed on the collaboration of nutritionists within hepatology and Liver transplant teams to deliver comprehensive care, a practice that has shown to improve outcomes. This review covers appropriate screening and assessment methods for evaluating the nutritional status of this population, diagnostic approaches for malnutrition, and context-specific nutrition treatments. It also discusses evidence-based recommendations for supplementation and physical exercise, both essential elements of the standard care provided to cirrhotic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i10.1313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T12:50:24Z","timestamp":1710420624000},"page":"1313-1328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Optimizing nutrition in hepatic cirrhosis: A comprehensive assessment and care approach"],"prefix":"10.3748","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Osvely","family":"Mendez-Guerrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anaisa","family":"Carranza-Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"Chi-Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalu","family":"Navarro-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i41.5910"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01374-X"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01042.2012"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.6.1194"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.1996.v23.pm0008621138"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.025"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2015.0224"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12999"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i20.3099"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50016"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.022"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25320"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32049"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2011.12.009"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.028"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31884"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.09.157"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26370"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8030336"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111926"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29219"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387083a0"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30692"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496918812230"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.019"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23811"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23752"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9875-9"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23863"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i21.3385"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.31"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.002"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.06.024"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533608321131"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607111414023"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21358"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1151"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002277"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.12.022"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520002366"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6109(16)42430-8"},{"key":"B44","unstructured":"Osuna I.   Soporte Nutricional de Bolsillo. 2019. [cited 20 January 2024]. Available from: http:\/\/www.institutoisabellacatolica.com\/materiales\/Soporte%20nutricional%20de%20bolsillo.pdf"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.11.2540"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.4.808"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3305\/nh.2013.28.5.6563"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.242"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-075"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12349"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30828"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607117701400"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000274"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.305"},{"key":"B55","unstructured":"Espinosa-Cuevas MDL\u00c1, Rivas-Rodr\u00edguez L, Gonz\u00e1lez-Medina EC, Atilano-Carsi X, Miranda-Alatriste P, Correa-Rotter R. Vectores de impedancia bioel\u00e9ctrica para la composici\u00f3n corporal en poblaci\u00f3n mexicana. Rev Invest Clin 2007; 59: 15-24"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.12.015"},{"key":"B57","unstructured":"Mohamed Sad L, Elsaka AM, Abdelmonem Zamzam Y, Gharib Khairallah F. Phase angle, body mass index and KRAS status of metastatic colorectal cancer in response to chemotherapy with and without target therapy: clinical impact and survival. J BUON 2020; 25: 914-926"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3305\/nh.2013.28.2.6306"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2236"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i45.10064"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.82.1.49"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0260106019888362"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13420"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.02.002"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.01.010"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.03.008"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.029"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.028"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22128"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50315"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.004"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.024"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27210"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1684-0"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2019.18226"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/818979"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/10026"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.03856"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.09.001"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v15.i10.1084"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26359"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06925.x"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15880"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2019.11.009"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(84)92567-4"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-3-8"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2013.09.004"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041013"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153471"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rgmx.2017.02.005"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2016.38"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28132"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24958"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.009"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/npep.1999.0048"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicol\u00e1s JM, Fern\u00e1ndez-Sol\u00e0 J, Fatj\u00f3 F, Casamitjana R, Bataller R, Sacanella E, Tob\u00edas E, Bad\u00eda E, Estruch R. Increased circulating leptin levels in chronic alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25: 83-88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02130.x"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.09.012"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(00)80242-1"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2015.05.021"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000487392"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.03.011"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01405.x"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23090"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00350.2009"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.05.070185.002013"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-020-00989-3"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12522"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200077"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198209023071006"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16380"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01881.x"},{"key":"B112","unstructured":"BioRender.   [cited 2 February 2024]. Available from: https:\/\/www.biorender.com\/"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v30\/i10\/1313.htm","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v30\/i10\/1313.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T12:50:53Z","timestamp":1710420653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1007-9327\/full\/v30\/i10\/1313.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v30.i10.1313","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-9327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-9327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]}}}