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Their cross-sectional analysis underscores the potential of routine hematological parameters as cost-effective, accessible tools for early identification of high-risk individuals. Importantly, this study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that simple indices - neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammatory response index - may serve not only as diagnostic aids but also as windows into disease mechanisms involving immune dysregulation and oxidative stress. Future prospective and mechanistic studies are warranted to determine whether these markers can predict ulcer recurrence, guide therapeutic interventions, or integrate into precision gastroenterology. 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