{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:16:34Z","timestamp":1761765394533},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perception &amp; Psychophysics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"DOI":"10.3758\/bf03194409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,14]],"date-time":"2011-01-14T05:07:12Z","timestamp":1294981632000},"page":"423-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Visual search for a socially defined feature: What causes the search asymmetry favoring cross-race faces?"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie L.","family":"Angelone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF03194409_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/09541449108406222","volume":"3","author":"P. J. Benson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Benson, P. J., &Perrett, D. I. (1991). Perception and recognition of photographic quality facial caricatures: Implications and the recognition of natural images.European Journal of Cognitive Psychology,3, 105\u2013135.","journal-title":"European Journal of Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.2307\/1578048","volume":"18","author":"S. E. Brennan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Brennan, S. E. (1985). Caricature generator: The dynamic exaggeration of faces by computer.Leonardo,18, 170\u2013178.","journal-title":"Leonardo"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1996.0002","volume":"30","author":"M. M. Chun","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chun, M. M., &Wolfe, J. M. (1996). Just say no: How are visual searches terminated when there is no target present?Cognitive Psychology,30, 39\u201378.","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.3.433","volume":"96","author":"J. Duncan","year":"1989","unstructured":"Duncan, J., &Humphreys, G. W. (1989). Visual search and stimulus similarity.Psychological Review,96, 433\u2013458.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.22.6.1364","volume":"22","author":"D. T. Levin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Levin, D. T. (1996). Classifying faces by race: The structure of face categories.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,22, 1364\u20131382.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.129.4.559","volume":"129","author":"D. T. Levin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levin, D. T. (2000). Race as a visual feature: Using visual search and perceptual discrimination tasks to understand face categories and the cross race recognition deficit.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,129, 559\u2013574.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR7","unstructured":"Li, J. C., Dunning, D., & Malpass, R. S. (1994).Cross-racial identification among European-Americans: Basketball fandom and the contact hypothesis. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"BF03194409_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03208218","volume":"41","author":"H. Pashler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pashler, H. (1987). Detecting conjunctions of color and form: Reassessing the serial search hypothesis.Perception & Psychophysics,41, 191\u2013201.","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.1993.11.1.165","volume":"11","author":"C. Sedikides","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sedikides, C., &Ostrom, T. M. (1993). Perceptions of group variability: Moving from an uncertain crawl to a purposeful stride.Social Cognition,11, 165\u2013174.","journal-title":"Social Cognition"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.25.4.1016","volume":"25","author":"F. Tong","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tong, F., &Nakayama, K. (1999). Robust representations for faces: Evidence from visual search.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,25, 1016\u20131035.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.1.15","volume":"95","author":"A. Treisman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Treisman, A., &Gormican, S. (1988). Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries.Psychological Review,95, 15\u201348.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.114.3.285","volume":"114","author":"A. Treisman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Treisman, A., &Souther, J. (1985). Search asymmetry: A diagnostic for preattentive processing of separable features.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,114, 285\u2013310.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR13","first-page":"161","volume":"44A","author":"T. Valentine","year":"1992","unstructured":"Valentine, T., &Endo, M. (1992). Toward an exemplar model of face processing: The effects of race and distinctiveness.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,44A, 161\u2013204.","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1068\/p241297","volume":"24","author":"M. von Gr\u00fcnau","year":"1995","unstructured":"von Gr\u00fcnau, M., &Anston, C. (1995). The detection of gaze direction: A stare-in-the-crowd effect.Perception,24, 1297\u20131313.","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03213899","volume":"56","author":"M. von Gr\u00fcnau","year":"1994","unstructured":"von Gr\u00fcnau, M., &Dub\u00e9, S. (1994). Visual search asymmetry for viewing direction.Perception & Psychophysics,56, 211\u2013220.","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"BF03194409_CR16","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Attention","author":"J. M. Wolfe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wolfe, J. M. (1998). Visual search. In H. Pashler (Ed.),Attention (pp. 13\u201373). Hove, U.K.: Psychology Press."}],"container-title":["Perception &amp; Psychophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/BF03194409.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/BF03194409\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/BF03194409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T12:17:02Z","timestamp":1572869822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/BF03194409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BF03194409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03194409","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-5117","1532-5962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-5117","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}