{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T14:40:56Z","timestamp":1776264056115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NIH\/National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CA207990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA207990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY017001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY017001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atten Percept Psychophys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-026-03224-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T17:38:47Z","timestamp":1771868327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Shape of Saccade-based Functional Visual Fields (FVFs): A cautionary note"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Chien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cailey E.","family":"Tennyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3224_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.10.016","volume":"52","author":"J Abrams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abrams, J., Nizam, A., & Carrasco, M. (2012). Isoeccentric locations are not equivalent: The extent of the vertical meridian asymmetry. Vision Research, 52(1), 70\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2011.10.016","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"3224_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.5.002210","volume":"5","author":"KK Ball","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ball, K. K., Beard, B. L., Roenker, D. L., Miller, R. L., & Griggs, D. S. (1988). Age and visual search: Expanding the useful field of view. J. Optical Society of America - A, 5(12), 2210\u20132219.","journal-title":"J. Optical Society of America - A"},{"issue":"2","key":"3224_CR3","first-page":"113","volume":"5","author":"KK Ball","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ball, K. K., Owsley, C., & Beard, B. (1990). Clinical visual field perimetry underestimates visual field problems in older adults. Clinical Vision Science, 5(2), 113\u2013125.","journal-title":"Clinical Vision Science"},{"key":"3224_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.10.010","volume":"29","author":"M Carrasco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carrasco, M., & Barbot, A. (2019). Spatial attention alters visual appearance. Current Opinion in Psychology, 29, 56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.10.010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"3224_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(90)90009-D","volume":"12","author":"R Efron","year":"1990","unstructured":"Efron, R., Yund, E. W., & Nichols, D. R. (1990). Visual detectability gradients: The effect of distractors in contralateral field. Brain and Cognition, 12, 128\u2013143.","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"3224_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.2.5","volume":"5","author":"J Grobbel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grobbel, J., Dietzsch, J., Johnson, C. A., Vonthein, R., Stingl, K., Weleber, R. G., & Schiefer, U. (2016). Normal values for the full visual field, corrected for age- and reaction time, using semiautomated kinetic testing on the Octopus 900 perimeter. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 5(2), 5\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.5.2.5","journal-title":"Translational Vision Science & Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3224_CR7","first-page":"165","volume":"28","author":"R Hernandez-Peon","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hernandez-Peon, R. (1964). Psychiatric implications of neurophysiological research. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 28(4), 165\u2013185.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic"},{"key":"3224_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X15002794","volume":"40","author":"J Hulleman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hulleman, J., & Olivers, C. N. L. (2017). The impending demise of the item in visual search. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, Article e132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0140525X15002794","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"3224_CR9","volume-title":"The principles of psychology","author":"W James","year":"1890","unstructured":"James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. Henry Holt and Co."},{"key":"3224_CR10","unstructured":"Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and Effort. Prentice- Hall."},{"key":"3224_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kooi, F. L., Toet, A., Tripathy, S. P., & Levi, D. M. (1994). The effect of similarity and duration on spatial interaction in peripheral vision. Spat Vis, 8(2), 255-279. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7993878","DOI":"10.1163\/156856894X00350"},{"issue":"2","key":"3224_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.20.2.3","volume":"20","author":"A Kosovicheva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kosovicheva, A., Alaoui-Soce, A., & Wolfe, J. M. (2020). Looking ahead: When do you find the next item in foraging visual search? Journal of Vision, 20(2), 3\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/jov.20.2.3","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"13","key":"3224_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00279-U","volume":"35","author":"E Kowler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kowler, E., Anderson, E., Dosher, B., & Blaser, E. (1995). The role of attention in the programming of saccades. Vision Research, 35(13), 1897\u20131916.","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"3224_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krupinski, E. A. (1996). Visual scanning patterns of radiologists searching mammograms. Acad Radiol, 3(2), 137-144. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8796654","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80381-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"3224_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-013-0608-9","volume":"76","author":"WJ MacInnes","year":"2014","unstructured":"MacInnes, W. J., Hunt, A. R., Hilchey, M., & Klein, R. (2014). Driving forces in free visual search: An ethology [APP11_274]. Atten Percept Psychophys, 76(2), 180\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13414-013-0608-9","journal-title":"Atten Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"3224_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03343023","volume":"3","author":"NH Mackworth","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mackworth, N. H. (1965). Visual noise causes tunnel vision. Psychonomic Science, 3, 67\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03343023","journal-title":"Psychonomic Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"3224_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00349-0","volume":"38","author":"BC Motter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Motter, B. C., & Belky, E. J. (1998). The guidance of eye movements during active visual search. Vision Research, 38(12), 1805\u20131815.","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"3224_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026699","volume":"75","author":"DA Norman","year":"1968","unstructured":"Norman, D. A. (1968). Toward a theory of memory and attention. Psychological Review, 75(6), 522\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0026699","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"3224_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Regan, J. K., & Noe, A. (2001). A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behav Brain Sci, 24(5), 939-973; discussion 973-1031. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12239892","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01000115"},{"issue":"4","key":"3224_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00166-J","volume":"35","author":"C Owsley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Owsley, C., Ball, K., & Keeton, D. M. (1995). Relationship between visual sensitivity and target localization in older adults. Vision Research, 35(4), 579\u2013587.","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"3224_CR21","first-page":"332","volume":"16","author":"J Palmer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Palmer, J. (1990). Attentional limits on the perception and memory of visual information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16(2), 332\u2013350.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"3224_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.109.2.160","volume":"109","author":"MI Posner","year":"1980","unstructured":"Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R. R., & Davidson, B. J. (1980). Attention and the detection of signals. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen., 109, 160\u2013174.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"issue":"8","key":"3224_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210902816461","volume":"62","author":"K Rayner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62(8), 1457\u20131506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470210902816461","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"3224_CR24","unstructured":"Sanders, A. F. (1963). The selective process in the Functional Visual Field. Assen, NL.: Van Gorcum."},{"issue":"1","key":"3224_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/00140137008931124","volume":"13","author":"AF Sanders","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sanders, A. F. (1970). Some aspects of the selective process in the functional visual field. Ergonomics, 13(1), 101\u2013117.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"3224_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, J., & Reingold, E. M. (1999). Saccadic selectivity during visual search: The effects of shape and stimulus familiarity. In M. Hahn & S. C. Stoness (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 649-652). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410603494-118"},{"issue":"6","key":"3224_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280802678557","volume":"17","author":"TJ Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith, T. J., & Henderson, J. M. (2009). Facilitation of return during scene viewing. Visual Cognition, 17(6), 1083\u20131108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13506280802678557","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"key":"3224_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tennyson, C., Hong, I., Ne'meh, R., & Wolfe, J. M. (2025). How consistent are you? Idiosyncratic polar angle biases in visual search for different stimuli. poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Vision Science Society, May 2025, 43.325.","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.25.9.1730"},{"key":"3224_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80070-5","volume":"6","author":"A Treisman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Treisman, A. (1996). The binding problem. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 6, 171\u2013178.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3224_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.12.024","volume":"35","author":"E T\u00fcn\u00e7ok","year":"2025","unstructured":"T\u00fcn\u00e7ok, E., Kiorpes, L., & Carrasco, M. (2025). Opposite asymmetry in visual perception of humans and macaques. Current Biology, 35(3), 681-687.e684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2024.12.024","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3224_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025186","volume":"68","author":"PL Wachtel","year":"1967","unstructured":"Wachtel, P. L. (1967). Conceptions of broad and narrow attention. Psychological Bulletin, 68(6), 417\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0025186","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"3224_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.02.005","volume":"15","author":"D Whitney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whitney, D., & Levi, D. M. (2011). Visual crowding: A fundamental limit on conscious perception and object recognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(4), 160\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2011.02.005","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"3224_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01859-9","volume":"28","author":"JM Wolfe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolfe, J. M. (2021). Guided Search 6.0: An updated model of visual search. Psych Bulletin & Review, 28, 1060\u20131092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-020-01859-9","journal-title":"Psych Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"3224_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80818-1","volume":"24","author":"JM Wolfe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wolfe, J. M., & Cave, K. R. (1999). The psychophysical evidence for a binding problem in human vision. Neuron, 24(1), 11\u201317.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"3224_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.8.4.045501","volume":"8","author":"JM Wolfe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolfe, J. M., Wu, C.-C., Li, J., & Suresh, S. (2021). What do experts look at and what do experts find when reading mammograms? J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 8(4), Article 045501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JMI.8.4.045501","journal-title":"J Med Imaging (Bellingham)"},{"key":"3224_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2021.107965","volume":"190","author":"CC Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, C. C., & Wolfe, J. M. (2022). The functional visual field(s) in simple visual search. Vision Research, 190, Article 107965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2021.107965","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"3224_CR37","unstructured":"Wu, C. C., Li, J., Suresh, S. B., & Wolfe, J. M. (2021). What do experts look at and what do experts find when reading mammograms? J. Med. Imag., submitted."},{"key":"3224_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(90)90001-5","volume":"12","author":"EW Yund","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yund, E. W., Efron, R., & Nichols, D. R. (1990). Detectability gradients as a function of target location. Brain and Cognition, 12, 1\u201316.","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"}],"container-title":["Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13414-026-03224-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13414-026-03224-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13414-026-03224-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:41:12Z","timestamp":1776260472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13414-026-03224-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13414-026-03224-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-3921","1943-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-3921","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards as attested by the Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital IRB approval (Protocol #: 2007P000646).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All participants gave informed consent under procedures approved by the Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital IRB (Protocol #: 2007P000646).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read the submitted version of this manuscript and consent to its publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"77"}}