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Increased intolerance of uncertainty shows overlap with symptoms of internalizing disorders, such as depression and anxiety, including negative affect and anxious apprehension (worry). While neuroanatomical correlates of IU have been reported, previous investigations have not disentangled the specific neural substrates of IU above and beyond any overlapping relationships with aspects of internalizing psychopathology. The current study did so in\u00a0a sample of 42 adults and 79 adolescents, who completed questionnaires assessing IU and internalizing symptoms, and underwent structural MRI. When controlling for internalizing symptoms, across adults and adolescents, specific associations of IU were found with the structure of the inferior frontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex, regions implicated in cognitive control and emotional valuation\/regulation. In addition, in adolescents, associations were observed with rostral middle frontal cortex and portions of the cingulate cortex. No associations were observed with threat-related regions, such as the amygdala. Potential cognitive\/emotional mechanisms that might explain the association between individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty and morphology of the\u00a0inferior frontal cortex are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-024-01262-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T20:47:55Z","timestamp":1738010875000},"page":"727-743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty is primarily linked to the structure of inferior frontal regions"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"25","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3828-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry R.","family":"Smolker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah R.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2446-0258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Hankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9373-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie T.","family":"Banich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.012","volume":"55","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. 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Synder.","order":5,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2025","order":6,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":7,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-025-01288-y","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-025-01288-y","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No conflicts to disclose","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures were approved by the University of Colorado Institutional Review Board Protocol 15-0375.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all adult participants and adolescent assent and parental consent were obtained for all participants younger than 18 years.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}