{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:02:00Z","timestamp":1784570520591,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3AT009651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3AT009651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early adulthood is characterized by the emergence of many forms of psychopathology as well as the development of cognitive abilities necessary for adaptive functioning (e.g., cognitive control). This study investigated brain responses that mediate the relationship between the ability to inhibit unwanted behavior\u2014a core function of cognitive control\u2014and personality characteristics associated with the development of psychopathology. Using a Go\/No-Go task, we examined how theta and alpha frequency activity (3\u20138 and 10\u201320 Hz, respectively) within electroencephalography (EEG) recorded over middle frontal regions of the scalp (i.e., frontal midline theta [FMT]) may be sensitive to the effects of personality traits of Emotionality, Constraint, and Absorption, traits with well-studied connections to psychopathology and psychopathology risk factors, on behavioral responses reflecting cognitive control. Young adult United States Army National Guard recruits (n = 106) completed a Go\/No-Go task that varied in difficulty across three blocks to magnify cognitive demands. FMT (electrode FCz) and behavioral performance varied as a function of the task demands, and FMT was associated with negative emotionality (NEM) and absorption. Desynchronization of alpha frequencies was evident at occipital electrodes (PO7, PO8) and related to task block difficulty. A mediation analysis revealed that FMT explained (mediated) the association between heightened NEM and worse performance on the Go\/No-Go task. No such effects were evident for alpha desynchronization. Findings are consistent with FMT during control of behavioral responses being a mechanism by which a propensity toward experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, and stress (i.e., NEM) compromises cognitive control and self-regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-026-01434-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T20:01:07Z","timestamp":1776196867000},"page":"1538-1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neural mechanisms of negative emotionality and cognitive control: The role of frontal midline theta"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6650-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collin D.","family":"Teich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Rawls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5757-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara L.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven S. S.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas D.","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott R.","family":"Sponheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4932-305X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Polusny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig A.","family":"Marquardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1434_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2018.03.002","volume":"135","author":"A Angelidis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Angelidis, A., Hagenaars, M., van Son, D., van der Does, W., & Putman, P. (2018). Do not look away! Spontaneous frontal EEG theta\/beta ratio as a marker for cognitive control over attention to mild and high threat. Biological Psychology, 135, 8\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2018.03.002","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1434_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13805","volume":"58","author":"S Arnau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arnau, S., Br\u00fcmmer, T., Liegel, N., & Wascher, E. (2021). Inverse effects of time-on-task in task-related and task-unrelated theta activity. Psychophysiology, 58(6), Article e13805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13805","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00679-5","volume":"274","author":"H Asada","year":"1999","unstructured":"Asada, H., Fukuda, Y., Tsunoda, S., Yamaguchi, M., & Tonoike, M. (1999). Frontal midline theta rhythms reflect alternative activation of prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 274(1), 29\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00679-5","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00851-1","volume":"41","author":"D Badre","year":"2004","unstructured":"Badre, D., & Wagner, A. D. (2004). Selection, integration, and conflict monitoring: Assessing the nature and generality of prefrontal cognitive control mechanisms. Neuron, 41(3), 473\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00851-1","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"10","key":"1434_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12468","volume":"52","author":"SD Benning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benning, S. D., Rozalski, V., & Klingspon, K. L. (2015). Trait absorption is related to enhanced emotional picture processing and reduced processing of secondary acoustic probes. Psychophysiology, 52(10), 1409\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12468","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(92)90110-4","volume":"82","author":"F Boiten","year":"1992","unstructured":"Boiten, F., Sergeant, J., & Geuze, R. (1992). Event-related desynchronization: The effects of energetic and computational demands. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 82(4), 302\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-4694(92)90110-4","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624","volume":"108","author":"MM Botvinick","year":"2001","unstructured":"Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108(3), 624.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1070","volume":"14","author":"SE Bruce","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bruce, S. E., Machan, J. T., Dyck, I., & Keller, M. B. (2001). Infrequency of \u201cpure\u201d GAD: Impact of psychiatric comorbidity on clinical course. Depression and Anxiety, 14(4), 219\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.1070","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"6","key":"1434_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01483-2","volume":"4","author":"G Bush","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000). Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(6), 215\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01483-2","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"1434_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.04.077","volume":"198","author":"GA Buzzell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buzzell, G. A., Barker, T. V., Troller-Renfree, S. V., Bernat, E. M., Bowers, M. E., Morales, S., & Fox, N. A. (2019). Adolescent cognitive control, theta oscillations, and social observation. NeuroImage, 198, 13\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.04.077","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1434_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100777","volume":"43","author":"GA Buzzell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buzzell, G. A., Troller-Renfree, S. V., Wade, M., Debnath, R., Morales, S., Bowers, M. E., & Fox, N. A. (2020). Adolescent cognitive control and mediofrontal theta oscillations are disrupted by neglect: Associations with transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology in a randomized controlled trial. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 43, Article 100777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100777","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.2.319","volume":"67","author":"CS Carver","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS\/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.67.2.319","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473","volume":"2","author":"A Caspi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., & Moffitt, T. E. (2014). The p factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2(2), 119\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167702613497473","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"1434_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012","volume":"18","author":"JF Cavanagh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cavanagh, J. F., & Frank, M. J. (2014). Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(8), 414\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1434_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2014.04.003","volume":"109","author":"JF Cavanagh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cavanagh, J. F., & Shackman, A. J. (2015). Frontal midline theta reflects anxiety and cognitive control: Meta-analytic evidence. Journal de Physiologie-Paris, 109(1\u20133), 3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2014.04.003","journal-title":"Journal de Physiologie-Paris"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4137-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"JF Cavanagh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cavanagh, J. F., Cohen, M. X., & Allen, J. J. (2009). Prelude to and resolution of an error: EEG phase synchrony reveals cognitive control dynamics during action monitoring. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(1), 98\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4137-08.2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"1434_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2017.01.004","volume":"2","author":"JF Cavanagh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavanagh, J. F., Meyer, A., & Hajcak, G. (2017). Error-specific cognitive control alterations in generalized anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 2(5), 413\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2017.01.004","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"},{"key":"1434_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen, M. X. (2014).\u00a0Analyzing neural time series data: Theory and practice. MIT press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/9609.001.0001","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9609.001.0001"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.97.3.332","volume":"97","author":"JD Cohen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97(3), 332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.97.3.332","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"1434_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21516","volume":"34","author":"JE Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen, J. E., Shalev, H., Admon, R., Hefetz, S., Gasho, C. J., Shachar, L. J., & Friedman, A. (2013). Emotional brain rhythms and their impairment in post\u2010traumatic patients. Human Brain Mapping, 34(6), 1344\u20131356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.21516","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24800","volume":"41","author":"BL DeLaRosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeLaRosa, B. L., Spence, J. S., Didehbani, N., Tillman, G. D., Motes, M. A., Bass, C., & Hart, J., Jr. (2020). Neurophysiology of threat processing bias in combat\u2010related post\u2010traumatic stress disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 41(1), 218\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.24800","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.279","volume":"118","author":"O Devinsky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Devinsky, O., Morrell, M. J., & Vogt, B. A. (1995). Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour. Brain, 118(1), 279\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/118.1.279","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"15","key":"1434_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25970","volume":"43","author":"M DiNuzzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"DiNuzzo, M., Mascali, D., Bussu, G., Moraschi, M., Guidi, M., Macaluso, E., & Giove, F. (2022). Hemispheric functional segregation facilitates target detection during sustained visuospatial attention. Human Brain Mapping, 43(15), 4529\u20134539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.25970","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"1434_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1148-y","volume":"221","author":"G Dippel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dippel, G., Chmielewski, W., M\u00fcckschel, M., & Beste, C. (2016). Response mode-dependent differences in neurofunctional networks during response inhibition: An EEG-beamforming study. Brain Structure and Function, 221, 4091\u20134101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-015-1148-y","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"key":"1434_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.037","volume":"157","author":"G Dippel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dippel, G., M\u00fcckschel, M., Ziemssen, T., & Beste, C. (2017). Demands on response inhibition processes determine modulations of theta band activity in superior frontal areas and correlations with pupillometry\u2013Implications for the norepinephrine system during inhibitory control. NeuroImage, 157, 575\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.037","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"1434_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(93)90049-2","volume":"86","author":"K Dujardin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dujardin, K., Derambure, P., Defebvre, L., Bourriez, J. L., Jacquesson, J. M., & Guieu, J. D. (1993). Evaluation of event-related desynchronization (ERD) during a recognition task: Effect of attention. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 86(5), 353\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-4694(93)90049-2","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"1434_CR27","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Contemporary directions in psychopathology: Scientific foundations of the DSM-V and ICD-11","author":"NR Eaton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eaton, N. R., South, S. C., & Krueger, R. (2010). The meaning of comorbidity among common mental disorders. In T. Millon, R. F. Krueger, & E. Simonsen (Eds.), Contemporary directions in psychopathology: Scientific foundations of the DSM-V and ICD-11 (pp. 223\u2013241). The Guilford Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94162-z","volume":"11","author":"J Eisma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eisma, J., Rawls, E., Long, S., Mach, R., & Lamm, C. (2021). Frontal midline theta differentiates separate cognitive control strategies while still generalizing the need for cognitive control. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 14641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-94162-z","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"1434_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(03)44005-X","volume":"44","author":"R Engle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Engle, R., & Kane, M. (2004). Executive attention, working memory capacity, and a two-factor theory of cognitive control. Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory, 44, 145\u2013199.","journal-title":"Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory"},{"issue":"11","key":"1434_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13442","volume":"56","author":"MA Erickson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erickson, M. A., Smith, D., Albrecht, M. A., & Silverstein, S. (2019). Alpha\u2010band desynchronization reflects memory\u2010specific processes during visual change detection. Psychophysiology, 56(11), Article e13442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13442","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1434_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.044","volume":"81","author":"M Ertl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ertl, M., Hildebrandt, M., Ourina, K., Leicht, G., & Mulert, C. (2013). Emotion regulation by cognitive reappraisal\u2014The role of frontal theta oscillations. NeuroImage, 81, 412\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.044","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"1434_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4044","volume":"16","author":"A Etkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Etkin, A., B\u00fcchel, C., & Gross, J. J. (2015). The neural bases of emotion regulation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(11), 693\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn4044","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21508","volume":"40","author":"F Euler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Euler, F., Sterzer, P., & Stadler, C. (2014). Cognitive control under distressing emotional stimulation in adolescents with conduct disorder. Aggressive Behavior, 40(2), 109\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.21508","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.2.336","volume":"7","author":"MW Eysenck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1528-3542.7.2.336","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"1434_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00154","volume":"2","author":"JJ Foxe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Foxe, J. J., & Snyder, A. C. (2011). The role of alpha-band brain oscillations as a sensory suppression mechanism during selective attention. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, Article 154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00154","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"14","key":"1434_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000926","volume":"45","author":"P Gallagher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gallagher, P., Nilsson, J., Finkelmeyer, A., Goshawk, M., Macritchie, K. A., Lloyd, A. J., & Watson, S. (2015). Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in mood disorders: Effects on attentional response time distributions. Psychological Medicine, 45(14), 2985\u20132997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291715000926","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/7.4.374","volume":"7","author":"A Gevins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gevins, A., Smith, M. E., McEvoy, L., & Yu, D. (1997). High-resolution EEG mapping of cortical activation related to working memory: Effects of task difficulty, type of processing, and practice. Cerebral Cortex, 7(4), 374\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/7.4.374","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.04.004","volume":"71","author":"VM Goghari","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goghari, V. M., & MacDonald, A. W., III. (2009). The neural basis of cognitive control: Response selection and inhibition. Brain and Cognition, 71(2), 72\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.04.004","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12022","volume":"54","author":"C Gold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gold, C., Fachner, J., & Erkkil\u00e4, J. (2013). Validity and reliability of electroencephalographic frontal alpha asymmetry and frontal midline theta as biomarkers for depression. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54(2), 118\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.12022","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1434_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.031","volume":"63","author":"PR Goldin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldin, P. R., McRae, K., Ramel, W., & Gross, J. J. (2008). The neural bases of emotion regulation: Reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biological Psychiatry, 63(6), 577\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.031","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.1.104","volume":"7","author":"AR Harkness","year":"1995","unstructured":"Harkness, A. R., McNulty, J. L., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1995). The personality psychopathology five (PSY-5): Constructs and MMPI-2 scales. Psychological Assessment, 7(1), 104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.7.1.104","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"1434_CR42","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications."},{"issue":"5","key":"1434_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1032893","volume":"30","author":"MA Hendricks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hendricks, M. A., & Buchanan, T. W. (2016). Individual differences in cognitive control processes and their relationship to emotion regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 30(5), 912\u2013924.","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.109.4.679","volume":"109","author":"CB Holroyd","year":"2002","unstructured":"Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. (2002). The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review, 109(4), 679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.109.4.679","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"1434_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.011","volume":"148","author":"X Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong, X., Sun, J., Wang, J., Li, C., & Tong, S. (2020). Attention-related modulation of frontal midline theta oscillations in cingulate cortex during a spatial cueing Go\/NoGo task. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 148, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.011","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.08.001","volume":"87","author":"RJ Huster","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huster, R. J., Enriquez-Geppert, S., Lavallee, C. F., Falkenstein, M., & Herrmann, C. S. (2013). Electroencephalography of response inhibition tasks: Functional networks and cognitive contributions. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(3), 217\u2013233.","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1434_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(00)00026-5","volume":"13","author":"A Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hyv\u00e4rinen, A., & Oja, E. (2000). Independent component analysis: Algorithms and applications. Neural Networks, 13(4\u20135), 411\u2013430.","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199903170-00003","volume":"10","author":"R Ishii","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ishii, R., Shinosaki, K., Ukai, S., Inouye, T., Ishihara, T., Yoshimine, T., & Takeda, M. (1999). Medial prefrontal cortex generates frontal midline theta rhythm. Neuroreport, 10(4), 675\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-199903170-00003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"1434_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonker, Z. D., van der Vliet, R., Maquelin, G., van der Cruijsen, J., Ribbers, G. M., Selles, R. W.,\u2026, & Frens, M. A. (2021). Individual differences in error-related frontal midline theta activity during visuomotor adaptation. NeuroImage, 245, 118699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118699"},{"key":"1434_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40810-015-0009-5","volume":"1","author":"SS Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang, S. S., Lano, T. J., & Sponheim, S. R. (2015). Distortions in EEG interregional phase synchrony by spherical spline interpolation: Causes and remedies. Neuropsychiatric Electrophysiology, 1, 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Electrophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1434_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01009.x","volume":"47","author":"ES Kappenman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kappenman, E. S., & Luck, S. J. (2010). The effects of electrode impedance on data quality and statistical significance in ERP recordings. Psychophysiology, 47(5), 888\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01009.x","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1434_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-2-17","volume":"2","author":"N Kar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kar, N., & Bastia, B. K. (2006). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and generalised anxiety disorder in adolescents after a natural disaster: A study of comorbidity. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 2, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1745-0179-2-17","journal-title":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1434_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.04.003","volume":"60","author":"C Klein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klein, C., Wendling, K., Huettner, P., Ruder, H., & Peper, M. (2006). Intra-subject variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 60(10), 1088\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.04.003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"1434_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.10.007","volume":"16","author":"W Klimesch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klimesch, W. (2012). Alpha-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(12), 606\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2012.10.007","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.057","volume":"164","author":"GG Knyazev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knyazev, G. G., Slobodskoj-Plusnin, J. Y., & Bocharov, A. V. (2009). Event-related delta and theta synchronization during explicit and implicit emotion processing. Neuroscience, 164(4), 1588\u20131600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.057","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"1434_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.06.001","volume":"33","author":"MJ Kofler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Sarver, D. E., Raiker, J. S., Orban, S. A., Friedman, L. M., & Kolomeyer, E. G. (2013). Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 795\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.06.001","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000258","volume":"126","author":"R Kotov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., Brown, T. A., Carpenter, W. T., Caspi, A., Clark, L. A., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Goldberg, D., Hasin, D., Hyman, S. E., Ivanova, M. Y., Lynam, D. R., Markon, K., \u2026 Zimmerman, M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(4), 454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000258","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/0305735607082623","volume":"36","author":"G Kreutz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kreutz, G., Ott, U., Teichmann, D., Osawa, P., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Using music to induce emotions: Influences of musical preference and absorption. Psychology of Music, 36(1), 101\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0305735607082623","journal-title":"Psychology of Music"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.00047","volume":"67","author":"RF Krueger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krueger, R. F. (1999). Personality traits in late adolescence predict mental disorders in early adulthood: A perspective\u2010epidemiological study. Journal of Personality, 67(1), 39\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-6494.00047","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20175","volume":"14","author":"RF Krueger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krueger, R. F., & Eaton, N. R. (2015). Transdiagnostic factors of mental disorders. World Psychiatry, 14(1), 27.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1434_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00113-7","volume":"36","author":"EW Leen-Feldner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leen-Feldner, E. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Feldner, M. T., & Lejuez, C. W. (2004). Behavioral inhibition: Relation to negative emotion regulation and reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6), 1235\u20131247.","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.3.430","volume":"18","author":"MD Lewis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lewis, M. D., Lamm, C., Segalowitz, S. J., Stieben, J., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006). Neurophysiological correlates of emotion regulation in children and adolescents. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(3), 430\u2013443.","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"1434_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2019.05.008","volume":"73","author":"M Lifshitz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lifshitz, M., Van Elk, M., & Luhrmann, T. M. (2019). Absorption and spiritual experience: A review of evidence and potential mechanisms. Consciousness and Cognition, 73, Article 102760.","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-111203","volume":"18","author":"M Luciana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luciana, M., & Collins, P. F. (2022). Neuroplasticity, the prefrontal cortex, and psychopathology-related deviations in cognitive control. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 18(1), 443\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-111203","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1434_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00559-4","volume":"112","author":"P Luu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Luu, P., & Tucker, D. M. (2001). Regulating action: Alternating activation of midline frontal and motor cortical networks. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(7), 1295\u20131306.","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.129.1.43","volume":"129","author":"P Luu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Luu, P., Collins, P., & Tucker, D. M. (2000). Mood, personality, and self-monitoring: Negative affect and emotionality in relation to frontal lobe mechanisms of error monitoring. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(1), 43.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.01417","volume":"14","author":"P Luu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Luu, P., Tucker, D. M., Derryberry, D., Reed, M., & Poulsen, C. (2003). Electrophysiological responses to errors and feedback in the process of action regulation. Psychological Science, 14(1), 47\u201353.","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"1434_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.03.031","volume":"115","author":"P Luu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Luu, P., Tucker, D. M., & Makeig, S. (2004). Frontal midline theta and the error-related negativity: Neurophysiological mechanisms of action regulation. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115(8), 1821\u20131835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.03.031","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"5472","key":"1434_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1835","volume":"288","author":"AW MacDonald 3rd","year":"2000","unstructured":"MacDonald, A. W., 3rd., Cohen, J. D., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2000). Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. Science (New York, N.Y.), 288(5472), 1835\u20131838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.288.5472.1835","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2013.05.004","volume":"82","author":"MA Mackie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mackie, M. A., Van Dam, N. T., & Fan, J. (2013). Cognitive control and attentional functions. Brain and Cognition, 82(3), 301\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandc.2013.05.004","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(93)90110-H","volume":"86","author":"S Makeig","year":"1993","unstructured":"Makeig, S. (1993). Auditory event-related dynamics of the EEG spectrum and effects of exposure to tones. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 86(4), 283\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-4694(93)90110-H","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579499001996","volume":"11","author":"AS Masten","year":"1999","unstructured":"Masten, A. S., Hubbard, J. J., Gest, S. D., Tellegen, A., Garmezy, N., & Ramirez, M. (1999). Competence in the context of adversity: Pathways to resilience and maladaptation from childhood to late adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 11(1), 143\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579499001996","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1434_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20763","volume":"30","author":"A Mazaheri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mazaheri, A., Nieuwenhuis, I. L., Van Dijk, H., & Jensen, O. (2009). Prestimulus alpha and mu activity predicts failure to inhibit motor responses. Human Brain Mapping, 30(6), 1791\u20131800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.20763","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00068.2021","volume":"126","author":"A McFerren","year":"2021","unstructured":"McFerren, A., Riddle, J., Walker, C., Buse, J. B., & Frohlich, F. (2021). Causal role of frontal-midline theta in cognitive effort: A pilot study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 126(4), 1221\u20131233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00068.2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03797.x","volume":"21","author":"M McGue","year":"1997","unstructured":"McGue, M., Slutske, W., Taylor, J., & Lacono, W. G. (1997). Personality and substance use disorders: I. Effects of gender and alcoholism subtype. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 21(3), 513\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03797.x","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"1434_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16040400","volume":"174","author":"LM McTeague","year":"2017","unstructured":"McTeague, L. M., Huemer, J., Carreon, D. M., Jiang, Y., Eickhoff, S. B., & Etkin, A. (2017). Identification of common neural circuit disruptions in cognitive control across psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(7), 676\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16040400","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"1434_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118400","volume":"241","author":"MS Messel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Messel, M. S., Raud, L., Hoff, P. K., Stubberud, J., & Huster, R. J. (2021). Frontal-midline theta reflects different mechanisms associated with proactive and reactive control of inhibition. NeuroImage, 241, Article 118400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118400","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"16","key":"1434_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4518","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724002265","volume":"54","author":"ZS Michal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michal, Z. S., Marquardt, C. A., Krueger, R. F., Arbisi, P. A., & Venables, N. C. (2024). Early adversity and inflammation at midlife: The moderating role of internalizing psychopathology. Psychological Medicine, 54(16), 4518\u20134527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291724002265","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"1434_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bpg040","volume":"10","author":"MW Miller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller, M. W. (2003). Personality and the etiology and expression of PTSD: A three-factor model perspective. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(4), 373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clipsy.bpg040","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.15.2.205","volume":"15","author":"MW Miller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller, M. W., Greif, J. L., & Smith, A. A. (2003). Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire profiles of veterans with traumatic combat exposure: Externalizing and internalizing subtypes. Psychological Assessment, 15(2), 205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.15.2.205","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"1434_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91181.2008","volume":"101","author":"A Mouraux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mouraux, A., & Iannetti, G. D. (2009). Nociceptive laser-evoked brain potentials do not reflect nociceptive-specific neural activity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101(6), 3258\u20133269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.91181.2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2008.12.005","volume":"41","author":"MG Newman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Newman, M. G., Przeworski, A., Fisher, A. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2010). Diagnostic comorbidity in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: Impact of comorbidity on psychotherapy outcome and impact of psychotherapy on comorbid diagnoses. Behavior Therapy, 41(1), 59\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2008.12.005","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"1434_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00128","volume":"24","author":"R Nigbur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nigbur, R., Cohen, M. X., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & St\u00fcrmer, B. (2012). Theta dynamics reveal domain-specific control over stimulus and response conflict. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(5), 1264\u20131274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00128","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"1434_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.03.010","volume":"9","author":"KN Ochsner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2005.03.010","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.014","volume":"27","author":"J Onton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Onton, J., Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2005). Frontal midline EEG dynamics during working memory. NeuroImage, 27(2), 341\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12241","volume":"85","author":"R Osinsky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osinsky, R., Karl, C., & Hewig, J. (2017). Dispositional anxiety and frontal-midline theta: On the modulatory influence of sex and situational threat. Journal of Personality, 85(3), 300\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopy.12241","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.2.150","volume":"14","author":"CJ Patrick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patrick, C. J., Curtin, J. J., & Tellegen, A. (2002). Development and validation of a brief form of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 14(2), 150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.14.2.150","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032807","volume":"122","author":"CJ Patrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patrick, C. J., Venables, N. C., Yancey, J. R., Hicks, B. M., Nelson, L. D., & Kramer, M. D. (2013). A construct-network approach to bridging diagnostic and physiological domains: Application to assessment of externalizing psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(3), 902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0032807","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"1434_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.03.009","volume":"105","author":"AD Peckham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peckham, A. D., & Johnson, S. L. (2018). Cognitive control training for emotion-related impulsivity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 105, 17\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2018.03.009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"1434_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Polusny, M. A., Marquardt, C. A., Hubbling, M., Campbell, E. H., Arbisi, P. A., Davenport, N. D.,\u2026, & Noorbaloochi, S. (2023). Adaptation in young military recruits: Protocol for the Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR) Prospective Longitudinal Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 12(1), e51235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/51235","DOI":"10.2196\/51235"},{"key":"1434_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R. R., & Solso, R. L. (1975). Attention and cognitive control 1. In Information processing and cognition (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 55\u201385). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781032722450-4","DOI":"10.4324\/9781032722450-4"},{"key":"1434_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Przeworski, A., & Dunbeck, K. (2016). Generalized anxiety disorder: How it compares to PTSD. Comprehensive guide to post-traumatic stress disorder. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08359-9_118","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08359-9_118"},{"key":"1434_CR93","unstructured":"Psychology Software Tools, Inc. (2016). [E-Prime 3.0]. https:\/\/support.pstnet.com\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-vis:19971093","volume":"144","author":"JJ Rajan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rajan, J. J., & Rayner, P. J. W. (1997). Model order selection for the singular value decomposition and the discrete Karhunen\u2013Loeve transform using a Bayesian approach. IEE Proceedings-Vision, Image and Signal Processing, 144(2), 116\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/ip-vis:19971093","journal-title":"IEE Proceedings-Vision, Image and Signal Processing"},{"key":"1434_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rawls, E., Marquardt, C. A., Fix, S. T., Bernat, E., & Sponheim, S. R. (2025). Posttraumatic reexperiencing and alcohol use: Mediofrontal theta as a neural mechanism for negative reinforcement. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000925","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000925"},{"key":"1434_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2013.10.010","volume":"145","author":"TS Redick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Redick, T. S. (2014). Cognitive control in context: Working memory capacity and proactive control. Acta Psychologica, 145, 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2013.10.010","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.1.91","volume":"59","author":"SM Roche","year":"1990","unstructured":"Roche, S. M., & McConkey, K. M. (1990). Absorption: Nature, assessment, and correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(1), 91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.59.1.91","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2015.962396","volume":"26","author":"B Saunders","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saunders, B., Milyavskaya, M., & Inzlicht, M. (2015). Variation in cognitive control as emotion regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 108\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1047840X.2015.962396","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"key":"1434_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 461-464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"issue":"10","key":"1434_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4085-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"GL Shulman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shulman, G. L., Pope, D. L., Astafiev, S. V., McAvoy, M. P., Snyder, A. Z., & Corbetta, M. (2010). Right hemisphere dominance during spatial selective attention and target detection occurs outside the dorsal frontoparietal network. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(10), 3640\u20133651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4085-09.2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.02.001","volume":"57","author":"AS Smit","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smit, A. S., Eling, P. A., Hopman, M. T., & Coenen, A. M. (2005). Mental and physical effort affect vigilance differently. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 57(3), 211\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.02.001","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1434_CR102","volume-title":"Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory","author":"CD Spielberger","year":"1983","unstructured":"Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Consulting Psychologists."},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03207704","volume":"31","author":"H Stanislaw","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stanislaw, H., & Todorov, N. (1999). Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31(1), 137\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03207704","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers"},{"key":"1434_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stevens, K. L., Marquardt, C. A., Tong, M. A., Davenport, N. D., & Sponheim, S. R. (2025). Posttraumatic stress symptomatology rather than mild traumatic brain injury is related to atypical early neural processing during cognitive control. Neuropsychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/neu0001008","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0001008"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000026641","volume":"41","author":"M Suetsugi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suetsugi, M., Mizuki, Y., Ushijima, I., Kobayashi, T., Tsuchiya, K., Aoki, T., & Watanabe, Y. (2000). Appearance of frontal midline theta activity in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 41(2), 108\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000026641","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"14","key":"1434_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.10.008","volume":"51","author":"D Swick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swick, D., Honzel, N., Larsen, J., & Ashley, V. (2013). Increased response variability as a marker of executive dysfunction in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychologia, 51(14), 3033\u20133040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.10.008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036681","volume":"83","author":"A Tellegen","year":"1974","unstructured":"Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (\u201cabsorption\u201d), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0036681","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"1434_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849200479.n13","volume-title":"The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment: Volume 2 - Personality measurement and testing","author":"A Tellegen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tellegen, A., & Waller, N. G. (2008). Exploring personality through test construction: Development of the multidimensional personality questionnaire. The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment: Volume 2 - Personality measurement and testing (pp. 261\u2013292). SAGE Publications Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781849200479.n13"},{"issue":"3","key":"1434_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.11.009","volume":"118","author":"LT Trujillo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trujillo, L. T., & Allen, J. J. (2007). Theta EEG dynamics of the error-related negativity. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(3), 645\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.11.009","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1434_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00730.2005","volume":"95","author":"T Tsujimoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tsujimoto, T., Shimazu, H., & Isomura, Y. (2006). Direct recording of theta oscillations in primate prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Journal of Neurophysiology, 95(5), 2987\u20133000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00730.2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1434_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2011.597865","volume":"65","author":"N Unsworth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Unsworth, N., Redick, T. S., Spillers, G. J., & Brewer, G. A. (2012). Variation in working memory capacity and cognitive control: Goal maintenance and microadjustments of control. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(2), 326\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470218.2011.597865","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"1434_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.045","volume":"146","author":"MJW Van der Molen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van der Molen, M. J. W., Dekkers, L. M., Westenberg, P. M., van der Veen, F. M., & Van der Molen, M. W. (2017). Why don\u2019t you like me? Midfrontal theta power in response to unexpected peer rejection feedback. NeuroImage, 146, 474\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.045","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1434_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118765","volume":"246","author":"S van Noordt","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Noordt, S., Heffer, T., & Willoughby, T. (2022). A developmental examination of medial frontal theta dynamics and inhibitory control. NeuroImage, 246, Article 118765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118765","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr2601_1","volume":"26","author":"NG Waller","year":"1991","unstructured":"Waller, N. G., Lilienfeld, S. O., Tellegen, A., & Lykken, D. T. (1991). The tridimensional personality questionnaire: Structural validity and comparison with the multidimensional personality questionnaire. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26(1), 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327906mbr2601_1","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"1434_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.06.006","volume":"278","author":"SF White","year":"2018","unstructured":"White, S. F., Costanzo, M. E., Thornton, L. C., Mobley, A. M., Blair, J. R., & Roy, M. J. (2018). Increased cognitive control and reduced emotional interference is associated with reduced PTSD symptom severity in a trauma-exposed sample: A preliminary longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 278, 7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.06.006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1434_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023237","volume":"121","author":"EJ Wolf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Harrington, K. M., & Reardon, A. (2012). Personality-based latent classes of posttraumatic psychopathology: Personality disorders and the internalizing\/externalizing model. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(1), 256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023237","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"1434_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yeung, N., Ochsner, K. N., & Kosslyn, S. (2013). Conflict Monitoring and Cognitive Control. In The Oxford handbook of cognitive neuroscience. Oxford University Press.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199988709.013.0018","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199988709.013.0018"},{"key":"1434_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00399","volume":"8","author":"MZ Zakrzewska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zakrzewska, M. Z., & Brzezicka, A. (2014). Working memory capacity as a moderator of load-related frontal midline theta variability in Sternberg task. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00399","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"1434_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-023-02652-9","volume":"228","author":"M Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, M., & Peng, Y. (2023). Anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex as a hub of self-regulation: Combining activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modeling analysis. Brain Structure and Function, 228(5), 1329\u20131345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-023-02652-9","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"key":"1434_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2023.07.001","volume":"192","author":"I Zouaoui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zouaoui, I., Zellag, M., Hernout, J., Dumais, A., Potvin, S., & Lavoie, M. E. (2023). Alpha and theta oscillations during the cognitive reappraisal of aversive pictures: A spatio-temporal qEEG investigation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 192, 13\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2023.07.001","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"}],"container-title":["Cognitive, Affective, &amp; Behavioral Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01434-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01434-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01434-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:06:37Z","timestamp":1784567197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01434-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01434-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7026","1531-135X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7026","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-135X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest\/Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All study procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and all of its later amendments. The study was approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board as well as the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System Institutional Review Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants, including consent for the possibility that study results would be published. Participants were informed that no identifying information would be included in any publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}