{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:23:10Z","timestamp":1788538990749,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH25083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH25083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Savoring is a positive emotion up-regulation strategy that increases positive emotion and the late positive potential (LPP) in response to positive pictures. Knowing whether savoring affects response to subsequently presented negative pictures might increase understanding of whether it could buttress against the impact of upcoming negative events. Nonetheless, a beneficial effect of savoring on subsequent negative emotion might run counter to attempts to maintain negative emotion that are employed by individuals high in chronic worry. We investigated whether savoring of positive pictures would alter electrocortical and self-report responses to subsequently presented negative and neutral pictures, and whether individual differences in worry would moderate this effect. On each trial, participants (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 36) savored or viewed a positive picture, which was followed by a negative or neutral picture. Participants were asked to simply view the second picture and rate its emotional valence while EEG was recorded. Results showed that savoring positive pictures led to reduced LPPs to negative but not neutral pictures. However, this effect was attenuated for those higher in worry, such that individuals with higher levels of worry showed larger LPPs to negative pictures after savoring (versus viewing), whereas those with lower levels of worry had smaller LPPs to negative pictures after savoring. Savoring did not affect self-reported pleasantness ratings to negative pictures, and worry did not modulate savoring of positive pictures. Therefore, savoring may reduce the processing of upcoming negative pictures but may backfire for individuals higher in worry, potentially because emotional shifts are perceived as threatening.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-026-01490-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:07:09Z","timestamp":1788538029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Worry undermines savoring\u2019s ability to reduce negative picture processing"],"prefix":"10.3758","author":[{"given":"Mia F.","family":"Utayde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annmarie","family":"MacNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1490_CR1","unstructured":"Becker, C., Sandoval, J., & MacNamara, A. (2025, Oct.). A brief positive-affect intervention for worry: Prediction of treatment outcome using the LPP [Conference poster abstract]. Annual meeting of the Society of Psychophysiological Research, Montreal, Canada."},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","volume":"25","author":"MM Bradley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/0963823031000103489","volume":"12","author":"F Bryant","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bryant, F. (2003). Savoring beliefs inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring beliefs about savouring. Journal of Mental Health, 12(2), 175\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0963823031000103489","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5502\/ijw.v1i1.18","volume":"1","author":"F Bryant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bryant, F., Chadwick, E. D., & Kluwe, K. (2011). Understanding the processes that regulate positive emotional experience: Unsolved problems and future directions for theory and research on savoring. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(1), Article Article 1.","journal-title":"International Journal of Wellbeing"},{"key":"1490_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315088426","volume-title":"Savoring: A new model of positive experience","author":"F Bryant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bryant, F., & Veroff, J. (2017). Savoring: A new model of positive experience. Psychology Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315088426"},{"key":"1490_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2020.03.006","volume":"16","author":"AH Buhk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buhk, A. H., Schadegg, M. J., Dixon, L. J., & Tull, M. T. (2020). Investigating the role of negative and positive emotional avoidance in the relation between generalized anxiety disorder and depression symptom severity. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 103\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcbs.2020.03.006","journal-title":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science"},{"key":"1490_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.11.006","volume":"588","author":"KL Burkhouse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burkhouse, K. L., Woody, M. L., Owens, M., & Gibb, B. E. (2015). Influence of worry on sustained attention to emotional stimuli: Evidence from the late positive potential. Neuroscience Letters, 588, 57\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.11.006","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"12","key":"1490_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14385","volume":"60","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng, Y., Peters, B. R., & MacNamara, A. (2023). Positive emotion up-regulation is resistant to working memory load: An electrocortical investigation of reappraisal and savoring. Psychophysiology, 60(12), Article e14385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14385","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(99)00044-7","volume":"52","author":"BN Cuthbert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cuthbert, B. N., Schupp, H. T., Bradley, M. M., Birbaumer, N., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Brain potentials in affective picture processing: Covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report. Biological Psychology, 52(2), 95\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0301-0511(99)00044-7","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"1490_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00367","author":"K Czek\u00f3ov\u00e1","year":"2015","unstructured":"Czek\u00f3ov\u00e1, K., Shaw, D. J., Janou\u0161ov\u00e1, E., & Urb\u00e1nek, T. (2015). It\u2019s all in the past: Temporal-context effects modulate subjective evaluations of emotional visual stimuli, regardless of presentation sequence. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00367","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"1490_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01391","author":"MD Eddy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eddy, M. D., Brunye, T. T., Tower-Richardi, S., Mahoney, C. R., & Taylor, H. A. (2015). The effect of a brief mindfulness induction on processing of emotional images: An ERP study. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01391","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1490_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.02.001","volume":"23","author":"LR Eisner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisner, L. R., Johnson, S. L., & Carver, C. S. (2009). Positive affect regulation in anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(5), 645\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.02.001","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"1490_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsv008","volume":"10","author":"HG Engen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Engen, H. G., & Singer, T. (2015). Compassion-based emotion regulation up-regulates experienced positive affect and associated neural networks. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(9), 1291\u20131301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsv008","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017162","volume":"10","author":"SM Erisman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010). A preliminary investigation of the effects of experimentally-induced mindfulness on emotional responding to film clips. Emotion, 10(1), 72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0017162","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-008-0045-6","volume":"20","author":"T Flaisch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Flaisch, T., Stockburger, J., & Schupp, H. T. (2008). Affective prime and target picture processing: An ERP analysis of early and late interference effects. Brain Topography, 20(4), 183\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-008-0045-6","journal-title":"Brain Topography"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.3.300","volume":"2","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1089-2680.2.3.300","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.218","volume":"56","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.218","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"1490_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2004.1512","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden\u2013and\u2013build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2004.1512","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"1490_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Positive emotions broaden and build. In P. Devine & A. Plant (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. Vol. 47, pp. 1\u201353). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1490_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2003.09.001","volume":"34","author":"DM Fresco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fresco, D. M., Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & Turk, C. L. (2003). Using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire to identify individuals with generalized anxiety disorder: A receiver operating characteristic analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34(3\u20134), 283\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2003.09.001","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"1490_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00212","author":"T Fujimura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fujimura, T., Katahira, K., & Okanoya, K. (2013). Contextual modulation of physiological and psychological responses triggered by emotional stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00212","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00610-1","volume":"17","author":"ZR Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han, Z. R., Yan, J., Yang, X., Guo, M., West, K. B., Suveg, C., & Wang, H. (2023). The impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on emotional processing in children and their parents: An event-related potential study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 17(1), 58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-023-00610-1","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1198","volume":"9","author":"LD Hill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hill, L. D., Starratt, V. G., Fernandez, M., & Tartar, J. L. (2019). Positive affective priming decreases the middle late positive potential response to negative images. Brain and Behavior, 9(1), Article e01198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1198","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"1490_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104559","volume":"179","author":"LE Jackson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jackson, L. E., Wilson, K. A., & MacNamara, A. (2024). Savoring mental imagery: Electrocortical effects and association with depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 179, Article 104559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104559","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70044","volume":"62","author":"MR Judah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Judah, M. R., Hamrick, H. C., Swanson, B., Middlebrooks, M. S., & Shields, G. S. (2025). Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty uniquely explain the association of the late positive potential with generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. Psychophysiology, 62(4), Article e70044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.70044","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbct.2021.12.007","volume":"32","author":"H Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, H., & Newman, M. G. (2022). Avoidance of negative emotional contrast from worry and rumination: An application of the contrast avoidance model. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 32(1), 33\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbct.2021.12.007","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy"},{"key":"1490_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2022.102659","volume":"93","author":"LS LaFreniere","year":"2023","unstructured":"LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Reducing contrast avoidance in GAD by savoring positive emotions: Outcome and mediation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 93, Article 102659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2022.102659","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"1490_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000794","volume":"91","author":"LS LaFreniere","year":"2023","unstructured":"LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Upregulating positive emotion in generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of the SkillJoy ecological momentary intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 91(6), 381\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000794","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"1490_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104541","volume":"177","author":"LS LaFreniere","year":"2024","unstructured":"LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2024). Savoring changes novel positive mindset targets of GAD treatment: Optimism, prioritizing positivity, kill-joy thinking, and worry mediation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 177, Article 104541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104541","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"1490_CR31","unstructured":"Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2008). International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. University of Florida, Gainesville. In.: Tech Rep A-8."},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12639","volume":"54","author":"SJ Luck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luck, S. J., & Gaspelin, N. (2017). How to get statistically significant effects in any ERP experiment (and why you shouldn\u2019t). Psychophysiology, 54(1), 146\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12639","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70006","volume":"62","author":"A MacNamara","year":"2025","unstructured":"MacNamara, A. (2025). Engagement and disengagement: From the basic science of emotion regulation to an anxiety spectrum. Psychophysiology, 62(2), Article e70006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.70006","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1490_CR34","unstructured":"MacNamara, A., Becker, C., Sandoval, J., Morris, R., & Utayde, M. (2026, Jan.). Pilot study of a two-session positive emotion focused treatment for internalizing psychology: Neurobiological prediction of treatment outcome and target engagement [Conference poster abstract]. Annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Nassau, Bahamas."},{"issue":"13","key":"1490_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.026","volume":"47","author":"A MacNamara","year":"2009","unstructured":"MacNamara, A., & Hajcak, G. (2009). Anxiety and spatial attention moderate the electrocortical response to aversive pictures. Neuropsychologia, 47(13), 2975\u20132980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.026","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20679","volume":"27","author":"A MacNamara","year":"2010","unstructured":"MacNamara, A., & Hajcak, G. (2010). Distinct electrocortical and behavioral evidence for increased attention to threat in generalized anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 27(3), 234\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20679","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"1490_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.008","volume":"176","author":"A MacNamara","year":"2022","unstructured":"MacNamara, A., Joyner, K., & Klawohn, J. (2022). Event-related potential studies of emotion regulation: A review of recent progress and future directions. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 176, 73\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.008","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-015-9717-1","volume":"40","author":"A MacNamara","year":"2016","unstructured":"MacNamara, A., Kotov, R., & Hajcak, G. (2016). Diagnostic and symptom-based predictors of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder: An event-related potential study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(3), 275\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-015-9717-1","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-022-00145-x","volume":"15","author":"BL Malivoire","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malivoire, B. L., Marcotte-Beaumier, G., Sumantry, D., & Koerner, N. (2022). Correlates of dampening and savoring in generalized anxiety disorder. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 15(4), 414\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41811-022-00145-x","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"1490_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6","volume":"28","author":"TJ Meyer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State worry questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00999.x","volume":"25","author":"GA Miller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Miller, G. A., Gration, G., & Yee, C. M. (1988). Generalized implementation of an eye movement correction procedure. Psychophysiology, 25(2), 241\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00999.x","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.01.008","volume":"31","author":"MG Newman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Newman, M. G., & Llera, S. J. (2011). A novel theory of experiential avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: A review and synthesis of research supporting a contrast avoidance model of worry. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 371\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.01.008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"1490_CR43","unstructured":"Niedenthal, P. M. (1992). Affect and social perception: On the psychological validity of rose-colored glasses. Perception without awareness: Cognitive, clinical, and social perspectives (pp. 211\u2013235). Guilford Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"1490_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167294204007","volume":"20","author":"PM Niedenthal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Niedenthal, P. M., & Setterlund, M. B. (1994). Emotion congruence in perception. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(4), 401\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167294204007","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-020-00081-8","volume":"14","author":"CA Palmer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palmer, C. A., Oosterhoff, B., & Gentzler, A. L. (2021). Don\u2019t worry, be happy: Associations between worry and positive emotion regulation. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 14(3), 417\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41811-020-00081-8","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Therapy"},{"key":"1490_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.072","volume":"1189","author":"MC Pastor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pastor, M. C., Bradley, M. M., L\u00f6w, A., Versace, F., Molt\u00f3, J., & Lang, P. J. (2008). Affective picture perception: Emotion, context, and the late positive potential. Brain Research, 1189, 145\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.072","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"1490_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102724","volume":"97","author":"FN Rosen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosen, F. N., & LaFreniere, L. S. (2023). Savoring, worry, and positive emotion duration in generalized anxiety disorder: Assessment and interventional experiment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 97, Article 102724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102724","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3720257","volume":"37","author":"HT Schupp","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schupp, H. T. (2000). Affective picture processing: The late positive potential is modulated by motivational relevance. Psychophysiology, 37(2), 257\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-8986.3720257","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.04.006","volume":"91","author":"HT Schupp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schupp, H. T., Schm\u00e4lzle, R., Flaisch, T., Weike, A. I., & Hamm, A. O. (2012). Affective picture processing as a function of preceding picture valence: An ERP analysis. Biological Psychology, 91(1), 81\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.04.006","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2017.1304990","volume":"13","author":"D Schwab","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwab, D., & Schienle, A. (2018). Facial affect processing in social anxiety disorder with early onset: Evidence of an intensity amplification bias. Social Neuroscience, 13(3), 318\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470919.2017.1304990","journal-title":"Social Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"1490_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.2.210","volume":"90","author":"NK Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith, N. K., Larsen, J. T., Chartrand, T. L., Cacioppo, J. T., Katafiasz, H. A., & Moran, K. E. (2006). Being bad isn\u2019t always good: Affective context moderates the attention bias toward negative information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(2), 210\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.90.2.210","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1490_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.70157","volume":"62","author":"B Swanson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Swanson, B., Judah, M. R., & Shields, G. S. (2025). The temporal dynamics of attention to threat and GAD symptoms: A study of LPP slopes. Psychophysiology, 62(10), Article e70157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.70157","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1490_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104490","volume":"174","author":"SC van Veen","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Veen, S. C., Zbozinek, T. D., van Dis, E. A. M., Engelhard, I. M., & Craske, M. G. (2024). Positive mood induction does not reduce return of fear: A virtual reality exposure study for public speaking anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 174, Article 104490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104490","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"1490_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.66.6.1034","volume":"66","author":"DT Wegener","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(6), 1034\u20131048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.66.6.1034","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1490_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000118","volume":"125","author":"A Weinberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weinberg, A., Perlman, G., Kotov, R., & Hajcak, G. (2016). Depression and reduced neural response to emotional images: Distinction from anxiety, and importance of symptom dimensions and age of onset. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(1), 26\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000118","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1\/11","key":"1490_CR56","first-page":"77","volume":"39","author":"M Wessa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wessa, M., Kanske, P., Neumeister, P., Bode, K., Heissler, J., & Sch\u00f6nfelder, S. (2010). EmoPics: Subjektive und psychophysiologische Evaluation neuen Bildmaterials f\u00fcr die klinisch-bio-psychologische Forschung. Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapie, 39(Suppl. 1\/11), 77.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapie"},{"issue":"3","key":"1490_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13754","volume":"58","author":"KA Wilson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilson, K. A., & MacNamara, A. (2021). Savor the moment: Willful increase in positive emotion and the persistence of this effect across time. Psychophysiology, 58(3), Article e13754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13754","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1490_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14537","volume":"61","author":"KA Wilson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilson, K. A., & MacNamara, A. (2024). Generalization of savoring to novel positive stimuli. Psychophysiology, 61(6), Article e14537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14537","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"}],"container-title":["Cognitive, Affective, &amp; Behavioral Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01490-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01490-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01490-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:07:11Z","timestamp":1788538031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01490-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["1490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-026-01490-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7026","1531-135X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7026","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-135X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study procedures were approved by the Texas A&M University Institutional Review Board.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participants provided informed consent to participate in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data for this experiment are available at (\n                      \n                      ). This study was not preregistered.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Open practices statements","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflicts of interest of competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest\/Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}