{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:26:27Z","timestamp":1786123587983,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001801","name":"University of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem Cogn"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study examines how individuals adapt to varying levels of prospective memory (PM) and ongoing-task difficulty in a cognitively demanding task environment. PM \u2013 the ability to remember and execute delayed intentions while engaged in other tasks \u2013 depends on flexible allocation of limited-capacity cognitive resources and strategic cognitive control. Prior research has rarely manipulated both PM and ongoing-task difficulty within the same study, has typically used relatively undemanding tasks that unlikely exceed human capacity to manage them, and has often relied on aggregate performance measures that cannot disentangle capacity sharing from cognitive control. To address these limitations, we orthogonally manipulated PM and ongoing-task difficulty within subjects using a demanding air-traffic control task and applied Prospective Memory Decision Control \u2013 a cognitive process model that jointly quantifies individuals\u2019 capacity allocation and cognitive control strategies. As PM difficulty increased, participants reallocated cognitive capacity from the ongoing task to the PM task and adopted a cognitive control strategy that favoured PM: raising decision thresholds for ongoing responses and lowering them for PM responses. By contrast, increased ongoing-task difficulty impaired information processing quality for both tasks (i.e., reduced signal-to-noise ratio) and led participants to lower PM thresholds without changing thresholds for the ongoing task. These findings provide model-based evidence consistent with distinct contributions of capacity sharing and cognitive control within the PMDC framework and illustrate the value of formal modelling in a demanding PM setting.\n                    <jats:table-wrap>\n                      <jats:table>\n                        <jats:tbody>\n                          <jats:tr>\n                            <jats:td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\">\n                              <jats:bold>Key Points<\/jats:bold>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Successful prospective memory (PM) requires an ability to concurrently manage PM and ongoing task demands.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 We present and test a cognitive model that explains how individuals use selective attention (capacity) and cognitive control to adapt to changes in PM and ongoing-task difficulty in a demanding air traffic control task paradigm.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Individuals adapt to increased PM difficulty by reallocating (sharing) cognitive capacity from the ongoing task to the PM task, and by adopting a decision-control strategy favourable to PM responding.<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Increased ongoing-task difficulty reduced the quality (signal-to-noise ratio) of information processing for both tasks (i.e., reduced\/shared capacity).<\/jats:italic>\n                              <jats:italic>\u2022 Successful adaptation to PM and ongoing-task difficulty can rely upon capacity sharing and the strategic use of cognitive countermeasures.<\/jats:italic>\n                            <\/jats:td>\n                          <\/jats:tr>\n                        <\/jats:tbody>\n                      <\/jats:table>\n                    <\/jats:table-wrap>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-026-01929-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:16:00Z","timestamp":1786112160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantifying the effects of prospective memory and ongoing task difficulty on capacity sharing and cognitive control"],"prefix":"10.3758","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7689-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell J.","family":"Boag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Heathcote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayne","family":"Loft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1929_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000208","volume":"145","author":"FT Anderson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anderson, F. T., Strube, M. J., & McDaniel, M. A. (2019). Toward a better understanding of costs in prospective memory: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 145(11), 1053.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"1929_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1204_5","volume":"12","author":"JR Anderson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Anderson, J. R., Matessa, M., & Lebiere, C. (1997). ACT-R: A theory of higher level cognition and its relation to visual attention. Human-Computer Interaction, 12(4), 439\u2013462.","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1318-4","volume":"25","author":"BH Ball","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ball, B. H., & Aschenbrenner, A. J. (2018). The importance of age-related differences in prospective memory: Evidence from diffusion model analyses. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(3), 1114\u20131122.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"11","key":"1929_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000304","volume":"103","author":"T Ballard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballard, T., Vancouver, J. B., & Neal, A. (2018). On the pursuit of multiple goals with different deadlines. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(11), 1242\u20131264.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1929_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-017-0720-5","volume":"45","author":"N Ballhausen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballhausen, N., Schnitzspahn, K. M., Horn, S. S., & Kliegel, M. (2017). The interplay of intention maintenance and cue monitoring in younger and older adults\u2019 prospective memory. Memory & Cognition, 45(7), 1113\u20131125.","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"1929_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-017-0189-z","volume":"2","author":"DJ Benjamin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benjamin, D. J., Berger, J. O., Johannesson, M., Nosek, B. A., Wagenmakers, E., Berk, R., & Johnson, V. (2018). Redefine statistical significance. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(1), 6\u201310.","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"1929_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00085","volume":"6","author":"AR Bland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bland, A. R., & Schaefer, A. (2012). Different varieties of uncertainty in human decision-making. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 6, Article 85.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"1929_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boag, R. J., Innes, R. J., Stevenson, N., Bahg, G., Busemeyer, J. R., Cox, G. E., ... & Forstmann, B. U. (2025). An expert guide to planning experimental tasks for evidence-accumulation modeling.\u00a0Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science,\u00a08(2), 25152459251336127.","DOI":"10.1177\/25152459251336127"},{"key":"1929_CR10","first-page":"1699","volume":"154","author":"RJ Boag","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boag, R. J., Strickland, L., Heathcote, A., & Loft, S. (2025b). The dynamics of stability and flexibility: How attentional and cognitive control support multitasking under time pressure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 154, 1699\u20131728.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"12","key":"1929_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000599","volume":"148","author":"RJ Boag","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boag, R. J., Strickland, L., Heathcote, A., Neal, A., & Loft, S. (2019a). Cognitive control and capacity for prospective memory in complex dynamic environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(12), 2181.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"1929_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2022.11.009","volume":"27","author":"RJ Boag","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boag, R. J., Strickland, L., Heathcote, A., Neal, A., Palada, H., & Loft, S. (2023). Evidence accumulation modelling in the wild: Understanding safety-critical decisions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27, 175\u2013188.","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"1929_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.05.011","volume":"191","author":"RJ Boag","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boag, R. J., Strickland, L., Loft, S., & Heathcote, A. (2019b). Strategic attention and decision control support prospective memory in a complex dual-task environment. Cognition, 191, 103974.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"1929_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-011-0128-6","volume":"40","author":"CD Boywitt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boywitt, C. D., & Rummel, J. (2012). A diffusion model analysis of task interference effects in prospective memory. Memory & Cognition, 40, 70\u201382.","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR15","first-page":"97","volume":"22","author":"MA Brandimonte","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brandimonte, M. A., Ferrante, D., Feresin, C., & Delbello, R. (2001). Dissociating prospective memory from vigilance processes. Psicol\u00f3gica, 22(1), 97\u2013113.","journal-title":"Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749408401128","volume":"47","author":"MA Brandimonte","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brandimonte, M. A., & Passolunghi, M. C. (1994). The effect of cue-familiarity, cue-distinctiveness, and retention interval on prospective remembering. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. Section a, Human Experimental Psychology, 47(3), 565\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14640749408401128","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. Section a, Human Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.12.010","volume":"16","author":"TS Braver","year":"2012","unstructured":"Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: A dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(2), 106\u2013113.","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"1929_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1998.10474787","volume":"7","author":"SP Brooks","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brooks, S. P., & Gelman, A. (1998). General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 7(4), 434\u2013455.","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2007.12.002","volume":"57","author":"SD Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown, S. D., & Heathcote, A. (2008). The simplest complete model of choice response time: Linear ballistic accumulation. Cognitive Psychology, 57(3), 153\u2013178.","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1929_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-023-02658-3","volume":"228","author":"G Cantarella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cantarella, G., Mastroberardino, S., Bisiacchi, P., & Macaluso, E. (2023). Prospective memory: The combined impact of cognitive load and task focality. Brain Structure and Function, 228(6), 1425\u20131441.","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"key":"1929_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00693","volume":"4","author":"AL Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen, A. L. (2013). Attentional decoupling while pursuing intentions: A form of mind wandering? Frontiers in Psychology, 4, Article 693.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1929_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087431","volume":"57","author":"AL Cohen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cohen, A. L., Dixon, R. A., Lindsay, D. S., & Masson, M. E. (2003). The effect of perceptual distinctiveness on the prospective and retrospective components of prospective memory in young and old adults. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology\/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Exp\u00e9rimentale, 57(4), 274.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology\/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Exp\u00e9rimentale"},{"issue":"4","key":"1929_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721412447621","volume":"21","author":"RK Dismukes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dismukes, R. K. (2012). Prospective memory in workplace and everyday situations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(4), 215\u2013220.","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"1929_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.16.6.1129","volume":"16","author":"C Donkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Donkin, C., Brown, S. D., & Heathcote, A. (2009). The overconstraint of response time models: Rethinking the scaling problem. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 1129\u20131135.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.7.3.471","volume":"7","author":"GO Einstein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Einstein, G. O., Holland, L. J., McDaniel, M. A., & Guynn, M. J. (1992). Age-related deficits in prospective memory: The influence of task complexity. Psychology and Aging, 7(3), 471\u2013478.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"1929_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2005.00382.x","volume":"14","author":"GO Einstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Einstein, G. O., & McDaniel, M. A. (2005). Prospective memory: Multiple retrieval processes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(6), 286\u2013290.","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.134.3.327","volume":"134","author":"GO Einstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Einstein, G. O., McDaniel, M. A., Thomas, R., Mayfield, S., Shank, H., Morrisette, N., & Breneiser, J. (2005). Multiple processes in prospective memory retrieval: Factors determining monitoring versus spontaneous retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134(3), 327.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"1929_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.3.479","volume":"12","author":"GO Einstein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Einstein, G. O., Smith, R. E., McDaniel, M. A., & Shaw, P. (1997). Aging and prospective memory: The influence of increased task demands at encoding and retrieval. Psychology and Aging, 12, 479\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0882-7974.12.3.479","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.1.118","volume":"41","author":"S Fothergill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fothergill, S., Loft, S., & Neal, A. (2009). ATC-lab advanced: An air traffic control simulator with realism and control. Behavior Research Methods, 41(1), 118\u2013127.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"1929_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16018","volume-title":"Bayesian data analysis","author":"A Gelman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A., & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian data analysis. CRC Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"1929_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/00207590344000178","volume":"38","author":"MJ Guynn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guynn, M. J. (2003). A two-process model of strategic monitoring in event-based prospective memory: Activation\/retrieval mode and checking. International Journal of Psychology, 38(4), 245\u2013256.","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-013-0357-y","volume":"42","author":"TL Harrison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harrison, T. L., Mullet, H. G., Whiffen, K. N., Ousterhout, H., & Einstein, G. O. (2014). Prospective memory: Effects of divided attention on spontaneous retrieval. Memory & Cognition, 42(2), 212\u2013224.","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"1929_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hart, S. G. (2006). NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later. In\u00a0Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting\u00a0(Vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 904\u2013908). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: Sage publications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/154193120605000909","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000909"},{"key":"1929_CR34","unstructured":"Hart, S. G., & Wickens, C. D. (2010). Cognitive workload. NASA human systems integration handbook (pp. 190\u2013222). NASA."},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR35","volume":"2012","author":"G Hawkins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hawkins, G., Nesbitt, K., & Brown, S. (2012). Dynamic difficulty balancing for cautious players and risk takers. International Journal of Computer Games Technology, 2012(1), Article 625476.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Games Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s42113-019-00061-y","volume":"2","author":"A Heathcote","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heathcote, A. (2019). What do the rules for the wrong game tell us about how to play the right game? Computational Brain & Behavior, 2(3), 187\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42113-019-00061-y","journal-title":"Computational Brain & Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1067-y","volume":"51","author":"A Heathcote","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heathcote, A., Lin, Y.-S., Reynolds, A., Strickland, L., Gretton, M., & Matzke, D. (2019). Dynamic models of choice. Behavior Research Methods, 51(2), 961\u2013985.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038952","volume":"122","author":"A Heathcote","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heathcote, A., Loft, S., & Remington, R. W. (2015). Slow down and remember to remember! A delay theory of prospective memory costs. Psychological Review, 122(2), 376\u2013410.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR39","first-page":"95","volume":"41","author":"SS Horn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Horn, S. S., & Bayen, U. J. (2015). Modeling criterion shifts and target checking in prospective memory monitoring. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(1), 95\u2013117.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022808","volume":"65","author":"SS Horn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Horn, S. S., Bayen, U. J., & Smith, R. E. (2011). What can the diffusion model tell us about prospective memory? Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(1), 69\u201375.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"1929_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2020.104109","volume":"113","author":"MS Humphreys","year":"2020","unstructured":"Humphreys, M. S., Li, Y. R., Burt, J. S., & Loft, S. (2020). How semantic processing affects recognition memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 113, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"1929_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/13825589708256639","volume":"4","author":"DP Kidder","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kidder, D. P., Park, D. C., Hertzog, C., & Morrell, R. W. (1997). Prospective memory and aging: The effects of working memory and prospective memory task load. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 4, 93\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13825589708256639","journal-title":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition"},{"key":"1929_CR43","unstructured":"Lenth R (2023). emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. R package version 1.8.8. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=emmeans"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.16.2.p107","volume":"16","author":"V Lerche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lerche, V., & Voss, A. (2020). When accuracy rates and mean response times lead to false conclusions: A simulation study based on the diffusion model. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 16(2), 107\u2013119.","journal-title":"The Quantitative Methods for Psychology"},{"key":"1929_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis-Peacock, J. A., Cohen, J. D., & Norman, K. A. (2016). Neural evidence of the strategic choice between working memory and episodic memory in prospective remembering. Neuropsychologia, 93, 280\u2013288.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.006"},{"issue":"5","key":"1929_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414545214","volume":"23","author":"S Loft","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loft, S. (2014). Applying psychological science to examine prospective memory in simulated air traffic control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 326\u2013331.","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"1929_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loft, S., Dismukes, R. K., & Grundgeiger, T. (2019). Prospective memory in safety-critical work contexts. In J. Rummel & M. McDaniel (Eds.), Current issues in memory: Prospective memory (pp. 170\u2013185). Taylor and Francis.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351000154-11"},{"key":"1929_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-012-0303-1","volume":"19","author":"S Loft","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loft, S., & Humphreys, M. S. (2012). Enhanced recognition of words previously presented in a task with non-focal prospective memory requirements. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 1142\u20131147.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000051","volume":"219","author":"S Loft","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loft, S., Pearcy, B., & Remington, R. W. (2015). Varying the complexity of the prospective memory decision process in an air traffic control simulation. Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Psychologie, 219(2), 77\u201384.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Psychologie"},{"issue":"7","key":"1929_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2012.750677","volume":"66","author":"S Loft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Loft, S., & Remington, R. W. (2013). Wait a second: Brief delays in responding reduce focality effects in event-based prospective memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(7), 1432\u20131447.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1518\/001872007X197017","volume":"49","author":"S Loft","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loft, S., Sanderson, P., Neal, A., & Mooij, M. (2007). Modeling and predicting mental workload in en route air traffic control: Critical review and broader implications. Human Factors, 49(3), 376\u2013399.","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"1929_CR52","first-page":"60","volume":"17","author":"S Loft","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loft, S., Smith, R. E., & Bhaskara, A. (2011). Prospective memory in an air traffic control simulation: External aids that signal when to act. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 17, 60\u201370.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"},{"key":"1929_CR53","first-page":"254","volume":"19","author":"S Loft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Loft, S., Smith, R. E., & Remington, R. W. (2013). Minimizing the disruptive effects of prospective memory in simulated air traffic control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 19, 254\u2013265.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"},{"key":"1929_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ly, A., Boehm, U., Heathcote, A., Turner, B. M., Forstmann, B., Marsman, M., & Matzke, D. (2017). A flexible and efficient hierarchical Bayesian approach to the exploration of individual differences in cognitive\u2010model\u2010based neuroscience. Computational Models of Brain and Behavior, 467\u2013479.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119159193.ch34"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/stan.12111","volume":"72","author":"A Ly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ly, A., Marsman, M., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2018). Analytic posteriors for Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient. Statistica Neerlandica, 72(1), 4\u201313.","journal-title":"Statistica Neerlandica"},{"key":"1929_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196319","volume":"9","author":"RL Marsh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marsh, R. L., Hancock, T. W., & Hicks, J. L. (2002). The demands of an ongoing activity influence the success of event-based prospective memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 604\u2013610.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"1929_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.24.2.336","volume":"24","author":"RL Marsh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marsh, R. L., & Hicks, J. L. (1998). Event-based prospective memory and executive control of working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 336\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.24.2.336","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR58","first-page":"68","volume":"31","author":"RL Marsh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marsh, R. L., Hicks, J. L., & Cook, G. I. (2005). On the relationship between effort toward an ongoing task and cue detection in event-based prospective memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(1), 68.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5709\/acp-0302-0","volume":"16","author":"P Matos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matos, P., Pereira, D. R., Albuquerque, P. B., & Santos, F. H. (2020). How does performing demanding activities influence prospective memory? A systematic review. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 16(3), 268\u2013290.","journal-title":"Advances in Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/09658219308258223","volume":"1","author":"MA McDaniel","year":"1993","unstructured":"McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (1993). The importance of cue familiarity and cue distinctiveness in prospective memory. Memory, 1(1), 23\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09658219308258223","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"1929_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.30.3.605","volume":"30","author":"MA McDaniel","year":"2004","unstructured":"McDaniel, M. A., Guynn, M. J., Einstein, G. O., & Breneiser, J. (2004). Cue-focused and reflexive-associative processes in prospective memory retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 605\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.30.3.605","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"1929_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.38.2.221","volume":"38","author":"MA McDaniel","year":"2010","unstructured":"McDaniel, M. A., & Scullin, M. K. (2010). Implementation intention encoding does not automatize prospective memory responding. Memory & Cognition, 38, 221\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/MC.38.2.221","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"1929_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00322","volume":"9","author":"B Meier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meier, B., & Zimmermann, T. D. (2015). Loads and loads and loads: The influence of prospective load, retrospective load, and ongoing task load in prospective memory. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 322.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176325622","volume":"22","author":"XL Meng","year":"1994","unstructured":"Meng, X. L. (1994). Posterior predictive p-values. The Annals of Statistics, 22(3), 1142\u20131160.","journal-title":"The Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"1929_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107261","volume":"136","author":"S Mileti\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mileti\u0107, S., Boag, R. J., & Forstmann, B. U. (2020). Mutual benefits: Combining reinforcement learning with sequential sampling models. Neuropsychologia, 136, Article 107261.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1929_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.63055","volume":"10","author":"S Mileti\u0107","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mileti\u0107, S., Boag, R. J., Trutti, A. C., Stevenson, N., Forstmann, B. U., & Heathcote, A. (2021). A new model of decision processing in instrumental learning tasks. eLife, 10, Article e63055.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"1929_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mileti\u0107, S., Stevenson, N., Eidels, A., Matzke, D., Forstmann, B. U., & Heathcote, A. (2025). Explaining multiscale choice dynamics.\u00a0Psychological Review.\u00a0Advance online publication.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/rev0000581","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000581"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.04.2.p061","volume":"4","author":"RD Morey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morey, R. D. (2008). Confidence intervals from normalized data: A correction to Cousineau (2005). Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4(2), 61\u201364.","journal-title":"Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR69","first-page":"1","volume":"24","author":"DG Morrow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morrow, D. G. (2018). Publishing papers that matter. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 24(1), 1\u20132.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"},{"key":"1929_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2019.107046","volume":"164","author":"M Moschl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moschl, M., Walser, M., Surrey, C., & Miller, R. (2019). Prospective memory under acute stress: The role of (output) monitoring and ongoing-task demands. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 164, Article e107046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2019.107046","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.86.3.214","volume":"86","author":"D Navon","year":"1979","unstructured":"Navon, D., & Gopher, D. (1979). On the economy of the human-processing system. Psychological Review, 86(3), 214\u2013255.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"1929_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113156","volume":"4","author":"A Neal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neal, A., Ballard, T., & Vancouver, J. B. (2017). Dynamic self-regulation and multiple-goal pursuit. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 401\u2013423.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(75)90004-3","volume":"7","author":"DA Norman","year":"1975","unstructured":"Norman, D. A., & Bobrow, D. G. (1975). On data-limited and resource-limited processes. Cognitive Psychology, 7(1), 44\u201364.","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"1929_CR74","volume-title":"Aircraft accident report (NTSB\/AAR-91\/08)","author":"NTSB","year":"1991","unstructured":"NTSB. (1991). Aircraft accident report (NTSB\/AAR-91\/08). U.S. Government Printing Office."},{"key":"1929_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-019-01645-2","volume":"26","author":"K Oberauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oberauer, K., & Lewandowsky, S. (2019). Addressing the theory crisis in psychology. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26, 1596\u20131618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-019-01645-2","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"1929_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/741941393","volume":"5","author":"H Otani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Otani, H., Landau, J. D., Libkuman, T. M., Louis, J. P. S., Kazen, J. K., & Throne, G. W. (1997). Prospective memory and divided attention. Memory, 5, 343\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/741941393","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"1929_CR77","unstructured":"R Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"1929_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139062367","volume-title":"Human error","author":"J Reason","year":"1990","unstructured":"Reason, J. (1990). Human error. Cambridge university press."},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00121-4","volume":"2","author":"J Rummel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rummel, J., & Kvavilashvili, L. (2022). Current theories of prospective memory and new directions for theory development. Nature Reviews Psychology, 2(1), 40\u201354.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"key":"1929_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scullin, M. K., McDaniel, M. A., Shelton, J. T., & Lee, J. H. (2010). Focal\/nonfocal cue effects in prospective memory: Monitoring difficulty or different retrieval processes?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(3), 736.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018971"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-019-01570-4","volume":"26","author":"DK Sewell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sewell, D. K., Jach, H. K., Boag, R. J., & Van Heer, C. A. (2019). Combining error-driven models of associative learning with evidence accumulation models of decision-making. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(3), 868\u2013893.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"1929_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721417700504","volume":"26","author":"JT Shelton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shelton, J. T., & Scullin, M. K. (2017). The dynamic interplay between bottom-up and top-down processes supporting prospective remembering. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26, 352\u2013358.","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"1929_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-018-1451-8","volume":"25","author":"PL Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith, P. L., & Little, D. R. (2018). Small is beautiful: In defense of the small-N design. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25, 2083\u20132101.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR84","first-page":"347","volume":"29","author":"RE Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith, R. E. (2003). The cost of remembering to remember in event-based prospective memory: Investigating the capacity demands of delayed intention performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29(3), 347\u2013361.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"1929_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1027\/1618-3169.52.4.243","volume":"52","author":"RE Smith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smith, R. E., & Bayen, U. J. (2005). The effects of working memory resource availability on prospective memory: A formal modeling approach. Experimental Psychology, 52(4), 243\u2013256.","journal-title":"Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"1929_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2013.827150","volume":"21","author":"RE Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith, R. E., & Hunt, R. R. (2014). Prospective memory in young and older adults: The effects of task importance and ongoing task load. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 21, 411\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13825585.2013.827150","journal-title":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12062","volume":"76","author":"DJ Spiegelhalter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spiegelhalter, D. J., Best, N. G., Carlin, B. P., & Linde, A. (2014). The deviance information criterion: 12 years on. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical Methodology, 76(3), 485\u2013493.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"1929_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210143000100","volume":"9","author":"M Stone","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stone, M., Dismukes, K., & Remington, R. (2001). Prospective memory in dynamic environments: Effects of load, delay, and phonological rehearsal. Memory, 9, 165\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09658210143000100","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"1929_CR89","first-page":"89","volume":"50","author":"L Strickland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strickland, L., Bowden, V., & Loft, S. (2024). Prospective memory decision control: A computational model of context effects on prospective memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 50, 89\u2013108.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"1929_CR90","first-page":"695","volume":"25","author":"L Strickland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Strickland, L., Elliott, D., Wilson, M. D., Loft, S., Neal, A., & Heathcote, A. (2019). Prospective memory in the red zone: Cognitive control and capacity sharing in a complex, multi-stimulus task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 25(4), 695\u2013715.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"},{"key":"1929_CR91","first-page":"1110","volume":"48","author":"L Strickland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Strickland, L., Heathcote, A., Humphreys, M. S., & Loft, S. (2022). Target learning in event-based prospective memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 48, 1110\u20131126.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"10","key":"1929_CR92","first-page":"1616","volume":"43","author":"L Strickland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strickland, L., Heathcote, A., Remington, R. W., & Loft, S. (2017). Accumulating evidence about what prospective memory costs actually reveal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43(10), 1616\u20131629.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"6","key":"1929_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000113","volume":"125","author":"L Strickland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Strickland, L., Loft, S., Remington, R. W., & Heathcote, A. (2018). Racing to remember: A theory of decision control in event-based prospective memory. Psychological Review, 125(6), 851\u2013887.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032222","volume":"18","author":"BM Turner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turner, B. M., Sederberg, P. B., Brown, S. D., & Steyvers, M. (2013). A method for efficiently sampling from distributions with correlated dimensions. Psychological Methods, 18(3), 368\u2013384.","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"1929_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.2350070707","volume":"7","author":"OU Vortac","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vortac, O. U., Edwards, M. B., Fuller, D. K., & Manning, C. A. (1993). Automation and cognition in air traffic control: An empirical investigation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 7(7), 631\u2013651.","journal-title":"Applied Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"1929_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206482","volume":"11","author":"EJ Wagenmakers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wagenmakers, E. J., & Farrell, S. (2004). AIC model selection using Akaike weights. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 192\u2013196.","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.05.003","volume":"44","author":"R West","year":"2006","unstructured":"West, R., Bowry, R., & Krompinger, J. (2006). The effects of working memory demands on the neural correlates of prospective memory. Neuropsychologia, 44(2), 197\u2013207.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1929_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00361","volume":"42","author":"R West","year":"2005","unstructured":"West, R., & Bowry, R. (2005). Effects of aging and working memory demands on prospective memory. Psychophysiology, 42, 698\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00361","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1929_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G., Banbury, S., & Parasuraman, R. (2015). Mental workload, stress, and individual differences: Cognitive and neuroergonomic perspectives. In C. D. Wickens, J. G. Hollands, S. Banbury, & R. Parasuraman (Eds.), Engineering psychology and human performance (international edition) (pp. 346\u2013376). Psychology Press.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315665177"},{"key":"1929_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"Ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"H Wickham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2016). Ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer-Verlag."},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.956151","volume":"58","author":"MS Young","year":"2015","unstructured":"Young, M. S., Brookhuis, K. A., Wickens, C. D., & Hancock, P. A. (2015). State of science: Mental workload in ergonomics. Ergonomics, 58(1), 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"}],"container-title":["Memory &amp; Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13421-026-01929-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13421-026-01929-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13421-026-01929-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:02:18Z","timestamp":1786118538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13421-026-01929-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"references-count":101,"alternative-id":["1929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13421-026-01929-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-502X","1532-5946"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-502X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-5946","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants provided consent to publish the anonymised data online and the results in a scientific paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All data, analysis code, and research materials are available at:\n                      \n                      .","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Open practices statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}