{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:13:37Z","timestamp":1788232417292,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute of Deafness and Other Communications Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DC04158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC04158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008898","name":"National Space Biomedical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NASA Grant NCC9-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NASA Grant NCC9-58"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychon Bull Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-021-01876-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T15:03:06Z","timestamp":1617721386000},"page":"1433-1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Statistical approaches to identifying lapses in psychometric response data"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9345-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torin K.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Merfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1876_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bermudez Rey, M. C., Clark, T. K., Wang, W., Leeder, T., Bian, Y., & Merfeld, D. M. (2016). Vestibular perceptual thresholds increase above the age of 40. Frontiers in Neurology, 7(162). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2016.00162","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00162"},{"issue":"5","key":"1876_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000052","volume":"35","author":"NN Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang, N. N., Hiss, M. M., Sanders, M. C., Olomu, O. U., MacNeilage, P. R., Uchanski, R. M., & Huller, T. E. (2014). Vestibular Perception and the Vestibulo-Ocular Refelx in Young and Older Adults. Ear and Hearing, 35(5), 565-570.","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1876_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3354-7","volume":"225","author":"SE Chaudhuri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaudhuri, S. E., & Merfeld, D. M. (2013). Signal Detection Theory and Vestibular Perception: III. Estimating Unbiased Fit Parameters for Psychometric Functions. Experimental Brain Research, 225(1), 133-146.","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"1876_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crane, B. T. (2016). Perception of combined translation and rotation in the horizontal plane in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00322.2016"},{"key":"1876_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobson, A., & Barnett, A. (2008). An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models (3rd ed.): Chapman & Hall.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780367807849"},{"key":"1876_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drugowitsch, J., DeAngelis, G. C., Klier, E. M., Angelaki, D. E., & Pouget, A. (2014). Optimal multisensory decision-making in a reaction-time task. Elife, 3.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03005"},{"issue":"293","key":"1876_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2307\/2282330","volume":"56","author":"OJ Dunn","year":"1961","unstructured":"Dunn, O. J. (1961). Multiple Comparisons among Means. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56(293), 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2282330","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"1876_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/Nn.2983","volume":"15","author":"CR Fetsch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fetsch, C. R., Pouget, A., DeAngelis, G. C., & Angelaki, D. E. (2012). Neural correlates of reliability-based cue weighting during multisensory integration. Nature Neuroscience, 15(1), 146-U185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/Nn.2983","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"1876_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/80.1.27","volume":"80","author":"D Firth","year":"1993","unstructured":"Firth, D. (1993). Bias Reduction of Maximum-Likelihood-Estimates. Biometrika, 80(1), 27-38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/80.1.27","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"1876_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh105","volume":"127","author":"JM Foxton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Foxton, J. M., Dean, J. L., Gee, R., Peretz, I., & Griffiths, T. D. (2004). Characterization of deficits in pitch perception underlying 'tone deafness'. Brain, 127, 801-810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh105","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1876_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frund, I., Haenel, N. V., & Wichmann, F. A. (2011). Inference for psychometric functions in the presence of nonstationary behavior. Journal of Vision, 11(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/11.6.16","DOI":"10.1167\/11.6.16"},{"issue":"12","key":"1876_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00340-4","volume":"38","author":"MA Garcia-Perez","year":"1998","unstructured":"Garcia-Perez, M. A. (1998). Forced-choice staircases with fixed step sizes asymptotic and small-sample properties. Vision Research, 38(12), 1861-1881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00340-4","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"1876_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1017\/S113874160000514X","volume":"8","author":"MA Garcia-Perez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garcia-Perez, M. A., & Alcala-Quintana, R. (2005). Sampling plans for fitting the psychometric function. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 256-289.","journal-title":"Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1876_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2012.708761","volume":"66","author":"MA Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez, M. A., & Alcal\u00e1-Quintana, R. (2012). Shifts of the psychometric function: Distinguishing bias from perceptual effects. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology, 66(2), 319-337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470218.2012.708761","journal-title":"Quarterly journal of experimental psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1876_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1350-8","volume":"186","author":"L Grabherr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grabherr, L., Nicoucar, K., Mast, F. W., & Merfeld, D. M. (2008). Vestibular thresholds for yaw rotation about an earth-vertical axis as a function of frequency. Experimental Brain Research, 186(4), 677-681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-008-1350-8","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"1876_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399058","volume":"87","author":"DM Green","year":"1990","unstructured":"Green, D. M. (1990). Stimulus Selection in Adaptive Psychophysical Procedures. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 87(6), 2662-2674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.399058","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"1876_CR17","unstructured":"Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc."},{"issue":"10","key":"1876_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2191","volume":"11","author":"Y Gu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gu, Y., Angelaki, D. E., & DeAngelis, G. C. (2008). Neural correlates of multisensory cue integration in macaque MSTd. Nature Neuroscience, 11(10), 1201-1210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.2191","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"1876_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoffman, D. M., Girshick, A. R., Akeley, K., & Banks, M. S. (2008). Vergence-accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue. Journal of Vision, 8(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/8.3.33","DOI":"10.1167\/8.3.33"},{"issue":"3","key":"1876_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03214307","volume":"49","author":"C Kaernbach","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kaernbach, C. (1991). Simple Adaptive Testing with the Weighted up-down Method. Perception & Psychophysics, 49(3), 227-229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/Bf03214307","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"8","key":"1876_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03194550","volume":"63","author":"C Kaernbach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaernbach, C. (2001). Slope bias of psychometric functions derived from adaptive data. Perception & Psychophysics, 63(8), 1389-1398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/Bf03194550","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"1876_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-015-4501-8","volume":"234","author":"F Karmali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karmali, F., Chaudhuri, S. E., Yi, Y., & Merfeld, D. M. (2016). Determining Thresholds using Adaptive Procedures and Psychometric Fits: Evaluating Efficiency using Theory, Simulations, and Human Experiments. Experimental Brain Research, 234, 773-789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-015-4501-8","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"1876_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karmali, F., Lim, K., & Merfeld, D. M. (2014). Visual and vestibular perceptual thresholds each demonstrate better precision at specific frequencies and also exhibit optimal integration. Journal of Neurophysiology.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00332.2013"},{"issue":"16","key":"1876_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00285-5","volume":"39","author":"LL Kontsevich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kontsevich, L. L., & Tyler, C. W. (1999). Bayesian adaptive estimation of psychometric slope and threshold. Vision Research, 39(16), 2729-2737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00285-5","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"1876_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1167\/5.5.8","volume":"5","author":"M Kuss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuss, M., Jakel, F., & Wichmann, F. A. (2005). Bayesian inference for psychometric functions. Journal of Vision, 5(5), 478-492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/5.5.8","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"8","key":"1876_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03194543","volume":"63","author":"MR Leek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leek, M. R. (2001). Adaptive procedures in psychophysical research. Perception & Psychophysics, 63(8), 1279-1292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/Bf03194543","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1876_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03212251","volume":"51","author":"MR Leek","year":"1992","unstructured":"Leek, M. R., Hanna, T. E., & Marshall, L. (1992). Estimation of Psychometric Functions from Adaptive Tracking Procedures. Perception & Psychophysics, 51(3), 247-256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/Bf03212251","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"1876_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lesmes, L. A., Lu, Z. L., Baek, J., & Albright, T. D. (2010). Bayesian adaptive estimation of the contrast sensitivity function: The quick CSF method. Journal of Vision, 10(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/10.3.17","DOI":"10.1167\/10.3.17"},{"issue":"5","key":"1876_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00073.2016","volume":"117","author":"K Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim, K., Karmali, F., Nicoucar, K., & Merfeld, D. M. (2017). Perception precision of passive body tilt is consistent with statistically optimal cue integration. Journal of Neurophysiology, 117(5), 2037-2052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00073.2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1876_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.5.648","volume":"130","author":"RY Litovsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Litovsky, R. Y., Parkinson, A., Arcaroli, J., Peters, R., Lake, J., Johnstone, P., & Yu, G. Q. (2004). Bilateral cochlear implants in adults and children. Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 130(5), 648-655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archotol.130.5.648","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"27","key":"1876_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9084","DOI":"10.1523\/Jneurosci.1304-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"PR MacNeilage","year":"2010","unstructured":"MacNeilage, P. R., Banks, M. S., DeAngelis, G. C., & Angelaki, D. E. (2010). Vestibular Heading Discrimination and Sensitivity to Linear Acceleration in Head and World Coordinates. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(27), 9084-9094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/Jneurosci.1304-10.2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"1876_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J. (1990). Generalized Linear Models (2nd ed.). Chapman & Hall.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"1876_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03213053","volume":"57","author":"TS Meese","year":"1995","unstructured":"Meese, T. S. (1995). Using the Standard Staircase to Measure the Point of Subjective Equality - a Guide Based on Computer-Simulations. Perception & Psychophysics, 57(3), 267-281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/Bf03213053","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"1876_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2557-7","volume":"210","author":"DM Merfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Merfeld, D. M. (2011). Signal detection theory and vestibular thresholds: I. Basic theory and practical considerations. Experimental Brain Research, 210(3-4), 389-405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-011-2557-7","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"1876_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prins, N. (2012). The psychometric function: The lapse rate revisited. Journal of Vision, 12(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/12.6.25","DOI":"10.1167\/12.6.25"},{"key":"1876_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prins, N. (2013). The psi-marginal adaptive method: How to give nuisance parameters the attention they deserve (no more, no less). Journal of Vision, 13(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/13.7.3","DOI":"10.1167\/13.7.3"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"1876_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/43.3-4.353","volume":"43","author":"MH Quenouille","year":"1956","unstructured":"Quenouille, M. H. (1956). Notes on Bias in Estimation. Biometrika, 43(3-4), 353-360.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"1876_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-012-0318-3","volume":"13","author":"RE Roditi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roditi, R. E., & Crane, B. T. (2012). Directional Asymmetries and Age Effects in Human Self-Motion Perception. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 13(3), 381-401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10162-012-0318-3","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology"},{"key":"1876_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2016.02.002","volume":"122","author":"HH Schutt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schutt, H. H., Harmeling, S., Macke, J. H., & Wichmann, F. A. (2016). Painfree and accurate Bayesian estimation of psychometric functions for (potentially) overdispersed data. Vision Research, 122, 105-123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2016.02.002","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1876_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0450-6","volume":"47","author":"Y Shen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shen, Y., Dai, W., & Richards, V. M. (2015). A MATLAB toolbox for the efficient estimation of the psychometric function using the updated maximum-likelihood adaptive procedure. Behavior Research Methods, 47(1), 13-26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-014-0450-6","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"1876_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1006\/jmps.1997.1188","volume":"41","author":"PR Snoeren","year":"1997","unstructured":"Snoeren, P. R., & Puts, M. J. H. (1997). Multiple parameter estimation in an adaptive psychometric method: MUEST, an extension of the QUEST method. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 41(4), 431-439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jmps.1997.1188","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology"},{"issue":"4p1","key":"1876_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1910407","volume":"41","author":"MM Taylor","year":"1967","unstructured":"Taylor, M. M., & Creelman, C. D. (1967). Pest - Efficient Estimates on Probability Functions. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 41(4p1), 782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1910407","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"17","key":"1876_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00016-X","volume":"35","author":"B Treutwein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Treutwein, B. (1995). Adaptive Psychophysical Procedures. Vision Research, 35(17), 2503-2522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00016-X","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1876_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03211951","volume":"61","author":"B Treutwein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Treutwein, B., & Strasburger, H. (1999). Fitting the psychometric function. Perception & Psychophysics, 61(1), 87-106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/Bf03211951","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1876_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177706647","volume":"29","author":"JW Tukey","year":"1958","unstructured":"Tukey, J. W. (1958). Bias and Confidence in Not-Quite Large Samples. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 29(2), 614-614.","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematical Statistics"},{"issue":"11","key":"1876_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1142","volume":"6","author":"N Uchida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Uchida, N., & Mainen, Z. F. (2003). Speed and accuracy of olfactory discrimination in the rat. Nature Neuroscience, 6(11), 1224-1229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn1142","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"39","key":"1876_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13537","DOI":"10.1523\/Jneurosci.2157-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"Y Valko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valko, Y., Lewis, R. F., Priesol, A. J., & Merfeld, D. M. (2012). Vestibular Labyrinth Contributions to Human Whole-Body Motion Discrimination. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(39), 13537-13542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/Jneurosci.2157-12.2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"1876_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1167\/5.10.7","volume":"5","author":"SJ Watt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Watt, S. J., Akeley, K., Ernst, M. O., & Banks, M. S. (2005). Focus cues affect perceived depth. Journal of Vision, 5(10), 834-862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/5.10.7","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"8","key":"1876_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03194544","volume":"63","author":"FA Wichmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001a). The psychometric function: I. Fitting, sampling, and goodness of fit. Perception & Psychophysics, 63(8), 1293-1313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/Bf03194544","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"8","key":"1876_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.3758\/Bf03194545","volume":"63","author":"FA Wichmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001b). The psychometric function: II. Bootstrap-based confidence intervals and sampling. Perception & Psychophysics, 63(8), 1314-1329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/Bf03194545","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"}],"container-title":["Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13423-021-01876-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.3758\/s13423-021-01876-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.3758\/s13423-021-01876-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T20:03:09Z","timestamp":1649188989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.3758\/s13423-021-01876-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-021-01876-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-9384","1531-5320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-9384","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-5320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}