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Learning vocabulary in a foreign language (L2) is a challenging memory task, because learning thousands of words is necessary to achieve listening and reading comprehension. The current study examined the efficacy of self-reference encoding for L2 vocabulary learning. In Experiment 1, native Hebrew speakers learned rare English words with a self-reference task and a control condition of translation repetition. In Experiment 2, participants learned with the same self-reference task and a control task of semantic processing. Across both experiments, memory was higher in the self-reference condition in both an immediate and a delayed test one week later. Thus, self-reference might be adopted as a learning tool in L2 vocabulary learning. Further, we demonstrate the contribution of self-reference to learning new information, going beyond previous demonstration of its positive impact on episodic encoding of known information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-025-02674-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T17:31:48Z","timestamp":1742405508000},"page":"2104-2113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Self-reference promotes vocabulary learning in a foreign language"],"prefix":"10.3758","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Shimon","family":"Pruss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Karni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1348\/000712605X53218","volume":"96","author":"AD Argembeau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Argembeau, A. 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